Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
N EMATODE , Leaf. Aphelenchoides fragariae, FL.
N EMATODE , Pinewood. Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus, vectored by pine sawyer beetle,
IL, MO; also B. lignicolus,MO.
N EMATODE , Ring. Criconemoides lobatum; FL;
C. similis, FL, NC.
N EMATODE , Root Knot. Meloidogyne sp., NM;
Meloidodera javanica, FL; M. floridensis,
on slash pine, FL.
N EMATODE , Sting. Belonolaimus gracilis.
N ONPARASITIC . Ozone Injury; Sulfur Dioxide
Injury; IN, NJ, WI; Needle Curl. High tem-
perature; Chlorotic Dwarf.
R OT , Charcoal. Macrophomina phaseoli.
R OT , Heart; Wood. Fomes spp., general; Fomes
annosus; Lentinus lepideus, widespread;
Polyporus spp., widespread; Poria spp.,
Lenzites saepiaria; Stereum spp.; Trametes
spp., widespread.
R OT , Hypocotyl. Fusarium oxysporum, CA;
F. oxysporum var. redolens, MN, root
lesions; Longidorus sp. (root damage and
seedling stunting), GA.
R OT , Root. Armillaria mellea, widespread;
A. gallica, HI; Ceratocystis wageneri,
OR, Pacific Northwest; Clitocybe tabescens,
FL; Cylindrocladium scoparium,
seedling blight, NJ, PA, WA; C. clavatum,
FL; Fusarium solani, PA; F. oxysporum,
PA; F. avenaceum,PA;Phytophthora
cactorum, seedling blight, Northeast;
Phymatotrichum omnivorum,TX;Sparassis
radicata, MT to OR, WA; Verticicladiella
wagenerii, CA, MT, western states;
V. procera, FL, MN; V. penicillata,ID;
V. abietina,ID.
R OT , Root. Fomes annosus, VA, WI; Polyporus
schweinitzii,VA;Phytophthora parasitica
var. nicotianae, CA; P. citricola, CA;
P. dreschleri, NC; Iononutus circinatus, FL.
R OT , Root; Little Leaf. Phytophthora
cinnamomi, NC, TN, VA, Dominican
Republic.
R OT , Root; blue-stain fungi associated with roots;
Leptographium terebrantis; L. procerum;
Ophiostoma sp., Graphium spp., AL, TX.
R OT , White. Amylostereum areolatum, NY,
eastern Canada.
R UST . Coleosporium crowellii, CA, NV, UT,
NV; Melampsora laricipopulina (0, I), WA;
II, III, on poplar; M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae
(0, I), WA; II, III, on poplar.
R UST , Blister. Cronartium ribicola, AZ.
R UST , Comandra Blister. Cronartium
comandrae (0, I), swellings in twigs, trunks
of hard pines; II, III on bastard toadflax, ND.
R UST , Cone. Cronartium conigenum, hypertro-
phy of cones, especially in South; II, III on
oak; C. strobilinum; II, III on evergreen oaks.
R UST , Eastern Gall. Cronartium quercuum,
galls on trunk, branches, witches' brooms on
two- and three-needle pines East to Rocky
Mts. especially Southeast; II, III on oak, rarely
chestnut.
R UST , Fusiform. Cronartium fusiforme, swell-
ings in trunk, branches, in South; II, III on
evergreen oaks; Cronartium quercuum f.
sp. fusiforme, NC.
R UST , Lodgepole Pine Blister; Western Fusiform.
Cronartium coleosporioides ( Peridermium
harknessi ) (0, I), swellings on twigs, branches;
trunk cankers; widespread in West; II, III on
painted-cup, birdbeak, owl-clover, wood-
betony; C. stalactiforme
(0, I); II, III on
Indian paintbrush.
R UST , Needle. Coleosporium apocyanaceum
(0, I), Southeast; II, III on Amsonia ;
C. asterum ( C solidaginis ) (0, I), on all two-
and three-needle pines in eastern U.S., western
form CO to MT, WA; II, III on aster, golden-
rod, and other composites; C. campanulae
(0, I), Northeast to IN, NC; (I, III on bellflower,
loosestrife, Venus-looking-glass; C. crowellii
(III), on pinon and limber pines, AZ, CO, NM;
C. delicatulum (0, I), New England to FL and
west to Great Plains; II, III on goldenrod;
C. elephantopodis (0, I), NJ to FL, TX; II, III
on Elephantopus ; C. helianthi (0, I), NY to
GA, OH; II, III on sunflower;
C. inconspicuum (0, I), MD to GA, OH, TN;
II, III on coreopsis; C. ipomoeae (0, I), NJ to
FL, AZ, IL; II, III on morning-glory; C. jonesii
(0, I), AZ, CO, NM; II, III on currant and
gooseberry; C. laciniariae,NJtoFL;II,III
on Liatris ; C. madiae (0, I), CA, OR; II, III
on composites; C. minutum (0, I), on loblolly
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