Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Spot Anthracnose
Diseases caused by species of
Elsinoe¨
anamorph
state
Sphaceloma
, are characterized by some
overgrowth of tissue. When this hyperplasia is
pronounced, the disease is usually called scab;
when the overgrowth is scarcely noticeable
(merely a slightly raised border around a necrotic
center), the disease has been commonly known as
anthracnose. Recently, the term spot anthracnose
was introduced to differentiate a
Sphaceloma
malady from anthracnoses caused by fungi with
slime spores (
Colletotrichum, Glomerella
) and
from the
Venturia
type of scab diseases. Conse-
quently, all spot anthracnose diseases are
included in this section, but with the common
designation, scab or anthracnose, also listed.
Campbell Early, Diamond, Norton, and Salem
are quite susceptible; Concord, Delaware Moore
Early, and Niagara are resistant. The fungus
winters on canes.
Control
Apply a dormant lime-sulfur spray and
four or five sprays of bordeaux mixture: when
new shoots are 7 to 8 inches long; just after
bloom; 7 to 10 days later; and when berries are
half grown.
Elsino¨ cinnamomi
Camphor-Tree Scab
.
Inconspicuous brown leaf spots, sometimes
dropping out; elongated raised lesions on veins,
petioles,
and stems. Reported from South
Carolina.
Elsino¨ corni
Dogwood Spot Anthracnose
,
a serious threat to flowering dogwood from
Delaware to Florida, also reported fromLouisiana.
Infected buds do not open, or they produce
stunted, malformed “flowers,” marked with
numerous small, circular to elongated spots with
light tan centers, purple to brown borders, up to 50
on a bract. Leaf spots are 1 to 2 mm, slightly raised
at the margin, purple paling to yellow-gray at
centers, which may be broken in a shot-hole effect.
There may be 100 spots on a leaf, scattered or
concentrated at tip, margin, or midrib. Spots
on petioles, fruit clusters, and stems are similar to
leaf spots.
Elsino¨ diospyri
Spot Anthracnose
on leaves
of native persimmon, reported from Florida,
1955.
Elsino¨ euonymi-japonici
Spot Anthracnose
on evergreen euonymus, Florida. Small, roundish
spots, mostly on upper surface of leaves, brown
Elsino ¨
Ascomycetes, Myriangiales,
Elsinoaceae
A sciare borne singly, at different levels, in an
effused stroma, having a gelatinous interior and
crustose rind, under or within the epidermis,
which ruptures to expose the asci. The anamorph
state is a
Sphaceloma
.
Elsino¨ ampelina
Grape Anthracnose
,
Bird's
Eye Rot
, widespread on grape. Small sunken
spots with dark margins and light centers occur
on fruit, young shoots, tendrils, petioles, and leaf
veins. Leaves may be distorted and ragged from
diseased portions dropping out. Outbreaks are
sporadic in eastern states. Varieties Catawba,
