Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Sphacelotheca cruenta (see
Sporisorium
cruentum
).
Loose Kernel Smut
on sorghum,
causing smutting and excessive branching.
Sphacelotheca reiliana (see
Sporisorium
holci-sorghi
).
Head Smut
of corn,
Mycosyrinx
Ustilaginaceae. Spores united in pairs; sori with
a double peridium in swollen pedicels and pedun-
cles. Mostly tropical.
Mycosyrinx osmundae
Inflorescence Smut
on
osmunda fern.
in Pacific
states and scattered locations in South.
Sphacelotheca sorghi (see
Sporisorium sorghi
).
Covered Kernel Smut
.
Kernels replaced by smut galls
Sporisorium cruentum (formerly
Sphacel-
otheca cruenta
).
Loose Kernel Smut
on sorghum,
causing smutting and excessive branching. Con-
trolled by seed treatment and resistant varieties.
Sporisorium holci-sorghi (formerly
Sphacel-
otheca reiliana
).
Head Smut
of corn, in Pacific
states and scattered locations in South. Galls on
tassels and ears breaking into loose dark brown
spore masses. Do not plant in a smutted field for 2
years; use certified seed, resistant hybrids.
Sporisorium sorghi (formerly
Sphacelotheca
sorghi
).
Covered Kernel Smut
. Kernels replaced
by smut galls.
Neovossia
Tilletiaceae. Sori in ovaries, semi-agglutinated to
powdery. Teliospores borne singly, each with a
long pedicel appendage, and producing many
sporidia.
Neovossia iowensis On grains, affecting kernels
in the dough stage.
Schizonella
Ustilaginaceae. Sori in leaves; short to long
striae; black, agglulinated teliospores in pairs,
germinating with three-to four-celled
promycellium with lateral sporidia. Two species
on Cyperaceae.
Thecaphora
Ustilaginaceae. Sori in various host parts, mostly
inflorescence; powdery or granular. Spores firmly
united into balls, with no sterile cells. Chiefly on
Leguminosae and Convolvulaceae.
Sorosporium
Ustilaginaceae. Spores loosely united into balls,
readily separable by pressure, in various hosts,
more often in reproductive parts. Germination by
promycelium and sporidia or germ tube. Mostly
on grains.
Sorosporium saponariae
Flower
Tilletia
Tilletiaceae. Sori mostly in ovaries, occasionally
in vegetative parts of host forming a powdery or
semi-agglutinated spore mass, often foetid. On
grains and grasses, called bunt; interior of seed
a solid mass of spore balls (see
Fig. 1
).
Tilletia buchlo¨ana
Bunt
of buffalograss.
Tilletia caries
Dwarf Bunt
of wheat. Plants
a fourth or half size of healthy plants.
Tilletia foetida
Stinking Smut
,
Common Bunt
of Wheat, on wheat and wheat grasses wherever
grown, occasionally on rye. A major agricultural
disease, especially in Pacific Northwest, this is
of historical importance as the first disease con-
trolled by seed disinfection. In 1670 a ship was
Smut
of
silene.
Sporisorium
Ustilaginaceae. Sori in various host parts but
mostly in inflorescence; granular to powdery,
covered at first by a peridium. Teliospores single,
formed around a central columella. Germination
usually with sporidia. Most species on grains and
grasses, sometimes causing severe stunting.
