Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Entyloma dahliae Dahlia Leaf Smut , a Euro-
pean disease occasionally reported here. It
showed up in one location in California where
overhead watering was used, but disappeared
when the practice was discontinued. Leaves are
marked by more or less circular spots, first
yellow-green, then brownish and dry. Primary
spores germinate in leaves and send projections
to the outside, where secondary spores are
formed to spread the disease. Late planting
seems to increase disease incidence.
Entyloma ellisii Spinach Smut . An occasional
disease with infected leaves pale and worthless.
Spores are produced in irregular, marginal
necrotic lesions.
Entyloma lineatum Smut of wild rice.
Entyloma polysporum Leaf Smut of
gaillardia, golden-glow, senecio, sylphium, and
sunflower.
Cintractia
Ustilaginaceae. Sori usually in ovaries, black,
more or less agglutinated spore masses with a
peridium. Teliospores single, olive to reddish
brown, formed from a fertile stroma surrounding
a
central
columella
of
host
tissues. On
Cyperaceae and Juncaceae.
Doassansia
Tilletiaceae. Sori usually in leaves; spore balls
large and conspicuous, with a sterile layer around
fertile cells. Teliospores pale yellowish brown to
hyaline, thin walled. Germination often in situ .
On water plants.
Doassansia epilobii Leaf Smut on epilobium.
Entyloma
Graphiola
Tilletiaceae. Sori generally in leaves forming
light spots, giving the name white smut, or
slightly raised darker blisters. Teliospores pro-
duced singly but often adhering in irregular
groups - hyaline to pale green, yellow, or
brown. Sporidia formed on the surface give the
white powdery appearance.
Entyloma calendulae Calendula White Smut .
Spots are pale yellow, turning brown to black, 1/4
inch in diameter. The smut is common but not
very serious in commercial calendula plantings
around San Francisco. Plant debris should be
cleaned up, perhaps the location changed.
Entyloma compositarum, White Smut of
composites, boltonia, calendula, erigeron,
eupatorium, gnaphalium, golden-glow, helenium,
and prairie coneflower.
Entyloma dactylidis ( E. crastophilum and
E. irregulare ). Bluegrass Blister Smut ,on Poa
spp., Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, North
Dakota. Gray-black, blister areas in leaves from
subepidermal masses of chlamydospores. A
series of fine dotlike masses of sporidia (conidia),
appear scattered in rows along surface of the
blisters.
Ustilaginales. This family and genus are
sometimes included in the smuts, sometimes
not. The sori are erumpent, enclosed in
a compact black peridium on leaves of palms.
The spores are formed in parallel chains, and
bud laterally to form two or more sporidia,
which become somewhat colored with thickened
walls.
Graphiola phoenicis False Smut of palms, Leaf
Spot on queen, canary date, royal and Washing-
ton palms and on palmetto. Leaves are yellow-
spotted with small black scabs or warts having
a dark, horny outer surface and long, flexuous
sterile hyphae protruding from an inner
membrane containing powdery yellow or light
brown spore masses. Seriously infected leaves
may die.
The disease occurs on date palmwhere humid-
ity is continuously high, but is checked in desert
areas best suited to date culture. Kustawy variety
is less susceptible than some others. The disease
also appears on small ornamental palms in green-
houses and conservatories. Cut out and burn
infected leaves or parts.
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