Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum
Decline
of grape.
Phaeoacremonium inflatipes
Decline
of grape.
Blanching, also on carrot, parsnip, parsley and
caraway. The disease appears first in the seedbed,
a black rot of the crown or base of leafstalks.
Plants are stunted, outer leaves or entire plant
killed, falling over as roots rot off. Spores are
produced in tendrils from black pycnidia and
spread in rains and irrigation water. Use clean
seed, grown in California, where the disease is
rare; sterilize seedbed soil or use a fresh location.
Phoma betae (Teleomorph,
Pleospora betae
).
Phoma Rot
of beets, causing black root of seed-
lings, necrotic streaks on seedstalks, brown spots
on old leaves and rot of fleshy roots. The fungus is
seed-borne and winters in roots carried over for
seed production and in debris. Crop rotation is
essential.
Phoma destructiva
Phoma Rot
of tomato, pep-
per, nearly general, especially in the South, but
not in North Central States. Small, irregular dark
spots appear on leaves in great numbers; zonate
markings are similar to those of early blight.
Severely infected leaves turn yellow, wither.
Fruit spots in field are small, 1/8 inch, slightly
depressed, with numerous tiny black pycnidia.
After harvest, spots enlarge to 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches
and become black, leathery, with minute pus-
tules. The fungus winters in decaying refuse in
soil; seedbed infection is common, and the dis-
ease reaches the field via infected seedlings.
Masses of spores produced on leaves are washed
to fruits by rain or spread by workers and are
distributed during harvesting and packing.
Control
Locate seedbeds away from land that
has previously grown tomatoes; spray as for
early blight; do not harvest when wet.
Phoma
Phialophora
Deuteromycetes, Hyphomycetes
Conidiophores dark, short, single or clustered;
phialides broader near middle, tapering toward
ends, producing conidia endogenously, spores
subhyaline to dark, one-celled.
Phialophora malorum
Storage Rot
of apples.
Phlebia
Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales
Basidiocarp effuse, typically monomitic; spores
even in general outline, hyaline or pale in color,
typically nonamyloid.
Phlebia chrysocrea
Heart Rot
on oak.
Pholiota
Basidomycetes, Agaricales
Spores ochre yellow to rusty brown; gills
attached to stipe, which has an annulus but no
cup at the base.
Pholiota adiposa
Brown Mottled Heart Rot
of
maple and other living hardwoods - basswood,
birches, poplars and more rarely conifers. The
wood has brown mottled streaks. The sporo-
phores are formed in clusters on trunks and
stumps - mushrooms with yellow central stems
and caps, sticky yellow slightly scaly upper sur-
face, yellow to brown gills.
macdonaldii (Teleomorph,
Leptosphaeria
lindquistii
).
Stem Rot
on
sunflower.
Phoma terrestris on sweet corn.
Phoma sp.
Crown and Root Rot
on bugleweed.
Phomopsis
Phoma
Blights
.
Phomopsis amygdali
Fruit Rot
on almond.
Phomopsis mali
Fruit
▶
Blackleg
.
Phoma apiicola
Phoma Root Rot
of celery,
occasionally serious, especially in Golden Self
▶
and
Core
Rot
(Postharvest) on apple.
