Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
below ground or are killed. The fungus winters in
storage houses, on wild morning-glory and other
weeds near the field and in soil, where it remains
viable for several years. Spores are spread by the
sweet potato weevil and in wash water if potatoes
are washed before storing. This fungus also
infects
Jacquemontia
.
Control
Standard treatment has been disinfec-
tion of planting stock in a solution of borax.
Using pulled sprouts provides plants free
from black rot. Plan a 4-year rotation; sort
carefully before storage; cure quickly at high
temperature and humidity. Yellow Jersey is
highly susceptible; some varieties are quite
resistant.
A strain of this fungus is reported causing
Black Cane Rot
in propagating bed of
Syngonium
auritum
(
Philodendron trifoliatum
) in
a California nursery. Brown to black water-
soaked girdling cankers, often on parts in contact
with the soil, cause yellowing and death of
foliage. The fungus can be eradicated by treating
canes with hot water, 120
F for 30 min.
Ceratocystis wageneri
Chalara (Chalaropsis)
Molds
.
Chalara thielaviopsis (formerly
Chalaropsis
thielaviopsis
).
Root Rot
on poinsettia.
Chalaropsis
▶
thielaviopsis (see
Chalara
▶
thielaviopsis
).
Root Rot
on poinsettia.
Armillaria (Clitocybe)
Basidiomycetes, Agaricales
One of the mushrooms, with gills typically decur-
rent (running down the stem), cap homogenous
and confluent with fleshy stripe, which has nei-
ther ring nor cup; spores white or very lightly
colored.
Armillaria
Clitocybe
tabescens (formerly
monadelpha
). On privet, apple.
Armillaria tabescens (formerly
Clitocybe
tabescens
).
Mushroom Root Rot
,
Clitocybe
Root Rot
of citrus, pecan and other fruits and
many ornamentals. This root rot is as devastating
in Florida as Armillaria rot is in California and
very similar (some say the pathogen is identical).
It is important in the decline of citrus groves, on
orange, grapefruit, lemon, tangerine and lime on
rough lemon stock; is very destructive to Austra-
lian-pine (
Casuarina
); and has been reported on
more than 200 species in 59 plant families,
including
Acalypha
, avocado, arborvitae, apricot,
camellia, castor-bean, cherry-laurel, crape-
myrtle, cotoneaster, cypress, dogwood,
Eugenia
,
eucalyptus, grape, guava, glorybush,
Hamelia
,
holly,
Ligustrum
, juniper, jasmine, loquat,
oleander, poinciana, pomegranate, pear,
Parkinsonia
, rose, viburnum and wax-myrtle.
In recent years Clitocybe root rot has become
economically important on Georgia peach trees
and has killed many lychee trees in Florida.
It is said to account for 75 % of rose mortality
in some sections.
Symptoms
of decline do not ordinarily
develop until the pathogen has been working
a number of years and has killed a large part of
the root system. Often mushrooms are present
(see
Ophiostoma
▶
wageneri
).
Root Rot
of
lodgepole pine and
ponderosa pine.
Ophiostoma wageneri (formerly
Ceratocystis
wageneri
).
Root Rot
of
lodgepole pine and
ponderosa pine.
Apostrasseria (Ceuthospora)
Deuteromycetes, Coelomycetes
Pycnidia in a valsoid stroma; conidia oblong to
bacillar, extruded in tendrils; conidiophores
obsolete or none.
Apostrasseria lunata (formerly
Ceuthospora
lunata
).
Black Rot
of cranberry, developing in
berries after picking. The fruit turns dark and
soft. The disease is more important in Washing-
ton and Oregon. Spraying for other cranberry
diseases largely controls this rot. Pick berries
when dry; avoid bruises; keep them cool.
Ceuthospora
Apostrasseria
lunata
).
Black Rot
of cranberry, developing in
berries after picking.
lunata
(see
▶
