Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
cysts clearly visible. This nematode reproduces
only in roots of lespedeza, vetch, tomato and
bean, besides soybean, but the cysts occur as
contaminants of narcissus bulbs and gladiolus
corms grown in infested soil and may be so
disseminated.
Infested areas are under federal and state quar-
antines. Soil fumigation temporarily reduces
nematode populations and increases plant growth
and yield.
Heterodera gottingiana
Pea Cyst Nematode
on pea.
Heterodera humuli
Hop Cyst Nematode
on
bean, pea, and cucumber.
Heterodera iri On grasses.
Heterodera mothi
Cyst
on Jerusalem-cherry, eggplant, and pepper in Vir-
ginia. Stunting is also caused on tobacco.
Heterodera trifolii
Clover Cyst Nematode
.On
clover and other legumes except peas. Spinach,
beet, soybean, and carnation are minor hosts.
Cysts are brown, lemon-shaped.
Heterodera zeae
Corn Cyst Nematode
.On
sweet corn, field corn, and barley.
Hoplolaimus
Hoplolamidae. Lance nematodes, somewhat
migratory, some species tropical or subtropical,
of moderate length; strong stylet with basal
knobs; often in a spiral or C-shape position.
Hoplolaimus coronatus On Nerine, grasses, car-
nation, oak, citrus, pine, sweet potato, and tomato.
Hoplolaimus galeatus (
H. coronatus
)
Crown-
Headed Lance Nematode
, wide-spread. On turf
grasses, zoysia, nursery crops, corn, sugarcane,
citrus, tomato, sweet potato, pine seedlings, and
carnation. This species may feed from the out-
side, burying the head only, or it may enter the
root completely, destroying the cortex, which is
sloughed off, and feeding on the phloem.
Hoplolaimus magnistylus
Stunt
on hibiscus.
Hoplolaimus uniformis On various ornamen-
tals, reported from Rhode Island.
Nematode
on
nutsedge.
Heterodera punctata (
Punctodera punctata
).
Grass Cyst Nematode
found on wheat and
small grains, also associated with bentgrasses in
North Dakota, Michigan, and Minnesota, and
turfgrass in New Jersey.
Heterodera rostochiensis (see
Globodera
rostochiensis
).
Golden Nematode
on white pota-
toes, also eggplant, tomato, and other members of
the Solanaceae, but not on tobacco.
Heterodera schachtii
Sugar Beet Nematode
,
occurring in sugar-beet areas from California to
Michigan, also infesting table beets and
crucifers - cabbage, broccoli, rape, turnip, ruta-
baga, and radish. The females, numerous white
specks clinging to roots, contain 100 to 600 eggs.
Slender larvae puncture root cells with their
strong stylets and pass through three molts inside
the roots. The wormlike males then leave the
roots to search for the flask-shaped females,
which are attached to the roots only by their
heads. Eggs are deposited in a gelatinous mass.
These soon hatch to start other generations, but
the females die with more eggs inside their bod-
ies, which turn brown and become cysts. Eggs
inside cysts may remain viable 5 or 6 years.
Control depends on a very long crop rotation or
soil fumigation.
Heterodera tabacum (
Globodera tabacum
tabacum
).
Tobacco Cyst Nematode
. Reported
from Connecticut on tobacco, tomato, and other
solanaceous plants, but not potato; also reported
▶
Hypsoperine
Heteroderidae. Similar to
Meloidogyne
, the root-
knot nematode, but female body oval rather than
pear-shaped.
Hypsoperine graminis Described in 1964 from
roots of grass and forming inconspicuous galls,
primarily on members of the Gramineae. St. Augus-
tine grass may become chlorotic and die. Bermuda
grass may decline. Also present on zoysia.
Longidorus and Paralongidorus
Longidoridae. Needle nematodes; relatively
large ectoparasites with long, slender stylet; sim-
ilar to
Xiphinema
but not causing galls.
