Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
larger branches and main stems. Cankers persist
for many years, but extension stops after about
10 years.
Ascospora
Ascomycetes, Sphaeriales,
Sphaeriaceae
Botryodiplodia
Perithecia with a subicle; paraphyses lacking;
spores two-celled, hyaline.
Ascospora ruborum (
Hendersonia rubi
,
Anamorph).
Cane Spot
,
Dieback
of red and
black raspberry, dewberry.
Blights
.
Botryodiplodia
▶
Lasiodiplodia
gallae (see
▶
theobromae
).
Canker
of oak.
Botryodiplodia theobromae
Canker
of rose,
and citrus.
Lasiodiplodia
theobromae
(formerly
Atropellis
Botryodiplodia gallae
).
Canker
of oak.
Ascomycetes, Helotiales
Botryosphaeria
Apothecia black, sessile or with short stalk; asci
clavate, with longer, hairlike paraphyses; spores
needlelike to slightly club-shaped, hyaline, one-
celled.
Atropellis apiculata
Twig Canker
. On southern
pines.
Atropellis arizonica
Branchand Truck Canker
.
On western yellow pine.
Atropellis pinicola (syn. A. piniphila)
Pine
Branch
and
Trunk Canker
, on western white,
sugar, and lodgepole pines in Pacific Northwest
and California. Branches are girdled and killed,
but not the trees. Perennial cankers are smooth,
elongated, flattened depressions covered with
bark, in which appear very small black apothecia,
2 to 4 mm in diameter.
Atropellis piniphila (
Cenangium piniphilum
,
Anamorph).
Branch and Truck Canker
on
lodgepole and ponderosa pines on Pacific Coast,
on cultivated pines in the South. Trees 5 to 25
years old are damaged by deformation of main
stem and branches. Infection is at branch whorls.
Cankers are elongated, flattened depressions cov-
ered with bark and copious resin. Apothecia have
short stalks, are black with brownish discs, 2 to
5 mm across.
Atropellis tingens
Branch and Truck Canker
of
native and exotic hard pines from New England
and Lake states to Gulf states. Slash pine saplings
are most susceptible. Smaller branches are gir-
dled; perennial
Blights
.
Botryosphaeria dothidea
Canker
,
Gummosis
,
and
Dieback
on peach, Bradford pear, thornless
blackberry, sequoiadendron and sequoia.
Botryosphaeria obtusa
Canker
, on thornless
blackberry.
Botryosphaeria ribis Saprophytic on dying tis-
sue, and var. chromogena, parasitic.
Canker
,
Dieback
of at least 50 woody plants, including
apple, avocado, eucalyptus, fig, forsythia, hick-
ory, pecan, pyracantha, quince, rhododendron,
sequoia, sequoiadendron, sweet gum, and wil-
low. See under
▶
Blights
for the disease caused
on currant and rose, under Rots for apple and
avocado diseases.
On redbud, sunken oval cankers nearly girdle
branches, the fungus entering through wounds,
and dead and dying twigs. On rhododendron
there is a leaf spot and dieback similar to that
caused by
Phytophthora
except that the surface is
roughened by protruding fruit bodies. Cankers on
twigs, larger branches, and trunks of willow may
kill trees in a few years. Trunk lesions are very
small, 1/4 to 1/2 inch, and numerous or else large,
from the union of several small cankers, with
fissured bark. Apples have watery blisters on
bark and decline in vigor. Forsythia has affected
canes girdled and killed with conspicuous brown
dead leaves above the canker.
▶
target cankers are formed on
