Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Continuing raids on northern England force Edward III to sue for peace and the Treaty
of Northampton gives Scotland its independence, with Robert I, the Bruce, as king.
1410
One of Europe's most venerable educational institutions, The University of St
Andrews, is founded.
1468−69
Orkney and then Shetland are mortgaged to Scotland as part of a dowry from Danish
King Christian I, whose daughter is to marry the future King James III of Scotland.
1488−1513
The Scottish Renaissance produces an intellectual climate that encourages Protestant-
ism, a reaction against the perceived wealth and corruption of the medieval Roman
Catholic Church.
1513
James IV invades northern England and is soundly defeated in Northumberland at the
Battle of Flodden. It marks a watershed in war history, with artillery on the upswing
and archery on the way out.
1603
James VI of Scotland inherits the English throne in the so-called Union of the Crowns,
becoming James I of Great Britain.
1692
The Massacre of Glencoe causes further rifts between those clans loyal to the crown
and those loyal to the old ways.
1707
Despite popular opposition, the Act of Union, which brings England and Scotland un-
der one parliament, one sovereign and one flag, takes effect on 1 May.
1745−46
The culmination of the Jacobite rebellions: Bonnie Prince Charlie lands in Scotland,
gathers an army and marches south. Though he gains English territory, he is eventually
defeated at the Battle of Culloden.
