Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
4000 BC
Neolithic farmers move to Scotland from mainland Europe; sites from these ancient
days dot Scotland, with the best concentrated in Orkney.
2200 BC
Beaker culture arrives in Scotland. The Bronze Age produces swords and shields. Con-
struction of hill forts, crannogs and mystifying stone circles.
AD 43
Claudius begins the Roman conquest of Britain, almost a century after Julius Caesar
first invaded. By AD 80 a string of forts is built from the Clyde to the Forth.
142
Building of Antonine Wall marks the northern limit of the Roman Empire. It is
patrolled for about 40 years, but after this the Romans decide northern Britain is too
difficult to conquer.
397
The first Christian mission beyond Hadrian's Wall, in Whithorn, is initiated by St Nini-
an. The earliest recorded church in Scotland is built to house his remains.
5th century
Roman soldiers stationed in Britain are recalled to Rome as the Empire faces attack
from barbarian tribes. The last Romans depart and Emperor Honorius tells Britons to
fend for themselves.
Early 500s
A Celtic tribe, the Scots, cross the sea from northern Ireland and establish a kingdom
in Argyll called Dalriada.
6th century
St Columba establishes a Christian mission on Iona. By the late 8th century the mis-
sion is responsible for the conversion of most of pagan Scotland.
685
 
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