Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
FIGURE 5.19 Model projected change in vertically integrated annual mean primary production (PP) relative
to pre-industrial conditions (decadal mean 1860-1869) for the end of the 21st century under SRES A2. The
changes represent the difference between 2090-2099 and 1860-1869 (decadal means). Multi-model means
have been computed for four coupled ocean-atmosphere models using regional skill scores as weights.
Where no observation-based data is available to calculate skill scores (e.g., in the Arctic) the arithmetic
mean of the model results is shown. The magnitude of the primary production changes are shown in per-
cent normalized to global mean areal primary production rate and are presented for a nominal increase in
global mean surface air temperature of 1°C. Source: Steinacher et al. (2010).
nitrous oxide (N
2
O). The organic matter respiration that generates hypoxia
also elevates CO
2
, and multiple stressors of warming, deoxygenation, and
ocean acidification magnify physiological and microbial responses (Pörtner
and Farrell, 2008; Brewer and Peltzer, 2009).
