Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
in. micro-electrochemical.system. technology.. Increased. biological.eficiency. could.
result. in. diminished. amounts. of. pesticides. being. applied.. Similarly,. nanodevices.
used.for.“smart”.treatment.delivery.systems.hold.promise.
Pesticide.product.registration.is.the.central.mechanism.for.regulating.pesticide.
sales. and. use. in. the. United. States.. Under. the. Federal. Insecticide,. Fungicide,. and.
Rodenticide.Act.(FIFRA).[27],.the.EPA.makes.an.individual.registration.determina-
tion.for.each.pesticide.product.based.on.a.separate.application.for.registration..To.
issue.a.registration,.the.EPA.must.determine,.among.other.indings,.that.the.product.
will.function.without.“unreasonable.adverse.effects.on.the.environment,”.and.when.
used. in. accordance. with. widespread. and. commonly. recognized. practice,. will. not.
generally.cause.unreasonable.adverse.effects.on.the.environment.
Pesticide.registrations.include.extensive.data.requirements.for.the.EPA.to.evalu-
ate.the.environmental.effects,.human.health.effects,.and.safety.of.the.product..Data.
requirements.(set.forth.at.40.C.F.R..Part.158).vary,.but.can.include.product.chem-
istry;.mammalian.toxicity;.environmental.toxicity.and.fate;.and.residue.chemistry,.
reentry.exposure,.and.spray.drift..Eficacy.studies.generally.are.not.required.to.be.
submitted,.except.for.certain.antimicrobial.pesticides,.but.must.be.submitted.upon.
EPA.request.
FIFRA.Section.3(c)(2)(B).authorizes.the.EPA.to.require.additional.new.studies.
from. current. registrants. “to. maintain. in. effect. an. existing. registration. of. a. pesti-
cide.”. A. “Data. Call-In”. (DCI). is. directed. to. affected. registrants. and. speciies. the.
additional.tests.that.the.EPA.requires..Registrants.may.individually.submit,.jointly.
develop,.or.share.in.the.cost.of.developing.those.data.
Under.FIFRA.Section.3(c)(1)(F)(i),.data.submitters.are.given.a.10-year.period.of.
exclusive.use.for.data.submitted.in.support.of.a.registration.for:.(1).a.new.pesticide.
chemical,.or.(2).new.uses.of.an.already-existing.pesticide..The.exclusive.use.provi -
sion. applies. only. to. data. submitted. to. support. an. active. ingredient. irst. registered.
after.September.30,.1978..A.registrant.may.not.rely.on.exclusive.use.data.without.
the. data. owner's. consent.. The. 10-year. exclusive. use. period. begins. on. the. date. of.
irst.registration.of.the.new.active.ingredient..No.exclusive.use.rights.attach.to.data.
submitted.in.response.to.a.DCI..The.Food.Quality.Protection.Act.(FQPA).extended.
exclusive.use.time.periods.for.minor.uses,.and.extended.exclusive.use.protection.to.
data.in.support.of.a.tolerance.or.tolerance.exemption..These.exclusive.use.protec-
tions.are.particularly.relevant.to.innovators.of.nanopesticides.in.that.they.offer.10-
year.markets.for.any.active.ingredient.considered.“new.”
4.2.2  epa Opp n anOteChnOlOgy  i nitiatives
The.EPA's.Ofice.of.Pesticide.Programs.(OPP).is.working.with.other.EPA.program.
ofices.in.considering.how.best.to.address.the.growing.number.of.issues.that.engi-
neered.nanoscale.materials.pose..These.OPP.initiatives.are.discussed.below.
... 
the ePa white Paper
The. EPA. Nanotechnology White Paper . includes. a. discussion. of. FIFRA.. The.
EPA.notes.its.expectation.that.“[p]esticide.products.containing.nanomaterials.will.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search