Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
4.5.2. Listed.Hazardous.Wastes................................................................... 74
4.5.3. Characteristic.Hazardous.Waste......................................................... 75
4.5.4. Mixture.and.Derived-From.Rules...................................................... 76
4.5.5. Transporter.Requirements.................................................................. 77
4.5.6. Treatment,.Storage,.and.Disposal.Facility.Requirements.................. 78
4.6. The.Pollution.Prevention.Act.(PPA).............................................................. 79
4.7. The.Federal.Food,.Drug,.and.Cosmetic.Act.(FEDCA)................................. 80
4.7.1. Science.Issues..................................................................................... 81
4.7.1.1. Issue:.Understanding.Interactions.of.Nanoscale.
Materials.with.Biological.Systems....................................... 81
4.7.1.2. Issue:.Adequacy.of.Testing.Approaches.for.Assessing.
Safety.and.Quality.of.Products.Containing.Nanoscale.
Materials............................................................................... 82
4.7.2. Regulatory.Policy.Issues.................................................................... 82
4.7.2.1. Issue:.Ability.of.the.FDA.to.Identify.FDA-Regulated.
Products.Containing.Nanoscale.Materials........................... 83
4.7.2.2. Issue:.Scope.of.the.FDA's.Authority.Regarding.
Evaluation.of.Safety.and.Effectiveness................................. 83
4.7.2.3. Issue:.Permissible.and.Mandatory.Labeling......................... 84
4.7.2.4. Issue:.The.National.Environmental.Policy.Act.(NEPA)....... 85
4.8. The.National.Institute.for.Occupational.Safety.and.Health.(NIOSH).......... 85
4.8.1. Exposure.Assessment.and.Characterization...................................... 87
4.8.2. Precautionary.Measures..................................................................... 87
4.8.3. Occupational.Health.Surveillance...................................................... 88
4.9. The.Consumer.Product.Safety.Commission.(CPSC).................................... 89
4.10. Emerging.State.and.Local.Regulation.of.Nanomaterials.............................. 90
4.10.1. City.of.Berkeley.Ordinance................................................................ 90
4.10.2. Cambridge,.Massachusetts,.Ordinance................................. 91
4.11. Private.Nanotechnology.Stewardship.Initiatives........................................... 91
4.12. International.Developments........................................................................... 92
4.12.1.Registration,.Evaluation,.Authorization,.and.Restriction.of.
Chemicals.(REACH).......................................................................... 92
4.12.2.The.Organization.for.Economic.Cooperation.and.Development.
(OECD).Initiatives.............................................................................. 95
4.12.3.Canadian.Initiatives............................................................................ 95
References................................................................................................................. 96
Many.governments.around.the.world.are.deeply.committed.to.promoting.the.respon-
sible.development.of.nanotechnology.and.are.engaged.in.a.wide.variety.of.nanotech-
nology. initiatives.. These. initiatives. are. expressed. in. multiple. venues. —. research.
and.development.projects,.policy.pronouncements,.and.various.regulatory.initiatives.
across.federal.agencies.and.departments..This.chapter.addresses.key.nanotechnol-
ogy. regulatory. initiatives. underway. at. the. U.S.. Environmental. Protection. Agency.
(EPA),. and. regulatory. developments. at. several. other. federal. agencies. and. depart-
ments.in.the.United.States..It.also.provides.an.overview.of.regulatory.programs.in.
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