Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3
Overviewof
ManufacturingProcesses
Julie Chen
UniversityofMassachusetts,Lowell
Kathleen Sellers
ARCADISU.S.,Inc.
Contents
3.1. Introduction................................................................................................... 33
3.1.1. Manufacturing:.Form.and.Function................................................... 33
3.1.2. Looking.Forward…Looking.Back..................................................... 34
3.2. A.Brief.Primer.on.Manufacturing.Processes................................................ 35
3.3. Ramiications.of.Worker.Exposure.and.Environmental.Issues.for.
Nanomanufacturing....................................................................................... 40
3.3.1. Four.“Generations”.of.Nano-Product.Development........................... 40
3.3.2. The.Impact.of.“Engineered”.Nanomaterials...................................... 42
3.3.3. Integrating.Nanoparticles.into.Nanoproducts.................................... 43
3.4. Summary....................................................................................................... 47
References................................................................................................................. 47
This. chapter. describes. the. processes. used. to. manufacture. nanomaterials. and. the.
anticipated. evolution. of. those. processes.. This. information. provides. a. basis. for.
understanding. the. potential. for. worker. exposure. and. environmental. releases.. The.
discussion.begins.with.context.on.manufacturing.processes.and.how.they.can.convey.
desired.properties.to.a.product.
.
intRoduCtion
3.1.1 m
anuFaCturing
: F
Orm
and
F
unCtiOn
The.ultimate.objective.of.manufacturing.is.to.impart.the.desired.
form and function
.
into.a.product..For.example,.photolithography.is.one.of.several.steps.used.to.impart.
physical.connections.and.electronic.properties.into.the.integrated.circuit.chips.prev-
alent. in. everything. from. cell. phones. and. computers. to. the. latest. automatic. coffee.
