Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
table .(Continued)
Case study using the nano Risk Framework: titanium dioxide []
Framework step
analysis
5...Decide,.Document,.
and.Act
The.review.team.accepted.the.recommendations.made.in.Step.4.and.
approved.moving.forward.to.product.announcement.and.
commercialization.
6..Review.and.Adapt
DuPont.has.scheduled.reviews.of.DuPont™.Light.Stabilizer.210.in.2009.
and.then.every.4.years.thereafter..“As.needed”.risk.reviews.will.occur.if.
triggered.by.a.change.in.applications,.new.information.on.hazard,.or.
higher.than.anticipated.production.
Summary.of.Outcome
DuPont.approved.commercial.introduction.of.the.product.
.
3.. Determine.relative.risk:
.
a..
Qualitative.assessment..In.this.component.of.the.risk.assessment,.ana-
lysts.review.information.on.the.properties.of.each.material.that.contrib-
ute.to.either.exposure.(based.on.emission.estimates).or.hazard.(based.
on.properties.such.as.LC50.and.LD50),.and.then.rank.each.material.as.
low,.medium,.or.high.for.each.of.these.properties..The.aggregate.rank-
ing.provides.a.qualitative.assessment.of.risk.
.
b..
XL.Insurance.Database.Methodology..The.protocol.estimates.risk.for.
three. scenarios. based. on. the. manufacturing. process,. the. materials.
involved,.and.their.characteristics:
.
i.. Incident. risk. from. accidental. exposure. resulting. from. a. process.
accident.
.
ii.. Normal.
operations.
risk.
from.
routine.
emissions.
during.
manufacture.
.
iii.. Latent. contamination. from. long-term. operations. and. the. site. of.
manufacture.
The.researchers.used.this.protocol.to.estimate.risks.from.manufacturing.several.
nanomaterials..Tables.11.4.through.11.6.and.Figure.11.2.summarize.the.analysis.of.
the. risks. from. manufacturing. single-walled. nano-titanium. dioxide,. carbon. nano-
tubes,.and.C60.fullerenes.[8,.9].
For.perspective,.the.research.team.also.used.the.protocol.to.evaluate.the.risks.
from. the. manufacture. of. six. products. in. more. longstanding,. common. use.. Those.
products.included.wine,.reined.petroleum,.and.aspirin..Figure.11.2.illustrates.the.XL.
Insurance. Database.scores. for. selected.nanomaterials. and. these. other. commercial.
products,. and. indicates. which. materials. in. the. manufacturing. process. contributed.
most.to.the.estimated.risk.
The. research. team. acknowledged. that. process. information. may. be. dificult.
to. obtain.. They. also. noted. that. manufacturers. will. likely. reine. production. pro-
cesses,. to. make. them. more. eficient. and. perhaps. to. recycle. or. reuse. some. materi-
als,.as.the.manufacture.of.nanomaterials.becomes.more.routine..Nonetheless,.this.
model. provides. a. useful. measure. of. the. industrial. risks. from. the. manufacture. of.
nanomaterials.
