Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
a.laboratory..In.its.simplest.form,.a.bench-scale.test.is.designed.to.show.whether.a.
technology.works.in.broad.terms..More.elaborate.bench-scale.tests.provide.informa-
tion.on.the.kinetics.of.a.degradation.reaction,.and/or.test.the.limits.of.the.technology..
A.pilot.test.is.larger.scale.and.more.elaborate.than.a.bench-scale.test..Pilot.tests.are.
generally.used.to.evaluate.materials-handling.limitations,.mass-transfer.limitations,.
and.cost..A.pilot-scale.test.provides.more.accurate.information.on.the.performance.
of.a.technology.than.a.bench-scale.test..At.full.scale,.a.technology.is.commercially.
available.and.has.been.used.in.the.ield.at.one.or.more.sites.
The.development.status.of.technologies.listed.in.Table.10.2.ranges.from.initial.
concept.testing.in.the.laboratory.to.full-scale.application..nZVI.is.by.far.the.most.
tested.and.used.technology.at.this.time..For.the.treatment.methods.now.being.tested.
at.bench.scale,.successful.development.to.full-scale.application.will.depend.on.their.
effectiveness,. economics,. risks,. and. impediments. such. as. potential. fouling. from.
natural.groundwater.constituents.
ReFeRenCes
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Fundamentals of Hazardous Waste Site Remediation
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. 3.. Zhang,.W..2003..Nanoscale.iron.particles.for.environmental.remediation:.An.overview..
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. 7.. Zhang,.W.X..2005..Nano-Scale.Iron.Particles:.Synthesis,.Characterization,.and.Appli-
cations..Meeting.Summary:.U.S..EPA.Workshop.on.Nanotechnology.for.Site.Remedia-
tion..Washington,.D.C..20-21.October..http://www.frtr.gov/nano.
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..Washington,.D.C..20-21.Octo-
ber..http://www.frtr.gov/nano.
. 9.. Wiesner,.M.R.,.G.V..Lowry,.P..Alvarez,.D..Dionysiou,.and.P..Biswas..2006..Assessing.
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. 10.. Salch,.N.,.K..Sirk,.Y..Liu,.et.al..2007..Surface.modiications.enhance.nanoiron.trans-
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Available.at.http://www.clu-in.org.
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