Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
cytotoxic.effect..They.characterized.these.tests.as.screening.tests,.and.recommended.
that.further.research.be.performed.
Ongoing. laboratory. studies. will. provide. additional. information.. For. example,.
Alvarez.and.Weisner.[18].are.studying.the.microbial.impacts.of.engineered.nanopar-
ticles,.including.nZVI,.at.Rice.University..This.research.is.occurring.from.July.2005.
to.May.2008..Theodorakis.et.al..[18].are.studying.the.acute.and.developmental.toxic-
ity.of.metal.oxide.nanoparticles,.including.Fe 2 O 3 ,.to.ish.and.frogs..This.project.will.
conclude. in. September. 2008.. Elder. et. al.. [19,. 20]. are. studying. iron-oxide. nanopar-
ticle-induced.oxidative.stress.and.inlammation.using. in vitro .and. in vivo .tests.
Limited. data. are. available. from. ield. work.. In. one. pilot. study. [21],. workers.
injected.BNP.into.a.fractured.sandstone.aquifer.to.treat.TCE..The.BNP.slurry.com-
prised.11.2.kg.Fe-Pd.BNP.in.6050.L.solution,.or.approximately.2.g/L..Initially,.the.
concentration.of.TCE.was.14.mg/L.and.the.oxidation-reduction.potential.(ORP).was.
75.millivolts.(mV)..Upon.addition.of.the.BNP,.the.ORP.dropped.to.−290.to.−590.mV,.
indicating.a.reducing.environment,.and.the.concentration.of.TCE.decreased.rapidly..
Workers.tested.the.effects.on.the.microbial.population.and.found.that.“the.results.of.
sampling.the.microbial.community.before.and.after.injection.indicated.there.were.
no.signiicant.trends.due.to.the.injection.”
Finally,.the.Material.Safety.Data.Sheet.(MSDS).provides.toxicity.information.to.
workers.handling.nZVI..MSDS.sheets.were.obtained.from.three.nZVI.manufacturers:
.
1.. Toda.Americas,.Inc.,.provided.MSDSs.for.two.nZVI.products.used.in.envi-
ronmental.remediation:.RNIP-10DS.[22].and.RNIP-M2.[23]..Both.MSDSs.
indicate.that.the.material.is.nonlammable.and.stable,.and.list.ACGIH.Thresh-
old.Limit.Values.(TLVs).for.iron.of.5.milligrams.per.cubic.meter.(mg/m 3 ).
based.on.Fe 2 O 3 ..This.value.corresponds.to.the.exposure.limit.for.iron.oxide.
dust.and.fume.[24],.rather.than.pertaining.to.nZVI. per se ..The.RNIP-10DS.
contains.elemental.iron.(10.to.20%),.magnetite.(Fe 3 O 4 ).(15.to.5%),.and.water..
It.may.cause.irritation.to.eyes.and.the.mucous.membranes.in.the.nose.and.
throat..RNIP-M2.contains.elemental.iron.(5.to.17%),.magnetite.(12.to.1%),.
water-soluble.polymer.(2.to.4%),.and.water..The.material.is.a.black.liquid.at.
pH.~.12..It.may.irritate.the.skin,.eyes,.and.cause.inlammation.
.
2.. Princeton.Nanotech,.LLC,.authored.an.MSDS.for.a.nano.iron.slurry.that.
PARS.Environmental,.Inc..markets.as.Nano-Fe.[25]..The.MSDS.indicates.
that. the. material,. a. viscous. liquid. between. pH. 5.5. and. 6.7,. is. stable. and.
presents.a.low.ire.or.reactivity.hazard..It.indicates.a.moderate.acute.health.
hazard.to.humans;.potential.health.effects.include.eye.irritation.upon.direct.
contact,.skin.irritation.on.prolonged.or.repeated.contact,.and.potential.harm.
if.swallowed.in.large.quantities,.noting.that.the.product.has.not.been.tested.
as.a.whole..Ecological.information.is.noted.as.not.available.
.
3.. The.MSDS.for.PolyMetallix™.Nanoscale.Iron.[26].describes.the.product.as.
a.stable.black.aqueous.suspension.at.pH.7.to.9.containing.10.to.60%.iron.
and.40.to.60%.iron.oxide.(FeO.Fe 2 O 3 .Fe 3 O 4 )..It.notes.the.potential.for.irri-
tation.of.eyes,.skin,.and.the.respiratory.tract.(upon.inhalation)..Cautions.are.
based.on.iron.oxide.fume.or.dust.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search