Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2
NanoscaleMaterials
Deinition and Properties
Kathleen Sellers
ARCADISU.S.,Inc.
Contents
2.1. Deinitions...................................................................................................... 12
2.2. Classiication.of.Nanoscale.Materials........................................................... 13
2.2.1. Origin................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Composition.and.Structure................................................................. 13
2.2.3. Free.versus.Fixed.Nanoparticles........................................................ 15
2.3. Properties.of.Nanoscale.Materials................................................................. 16
2.3.1. Overview............................................................................................ 16
2.3.1.1. Effect.of.Increased.Surface.Area.......................................... 16
2.3.1.2. Inluence.of.Quantum.Effects............................................... 16
2.3.2. Critical.Physical.and.Chemical.Properties......................................... 17
2.4. Types.of.Nanomaterials.and.Applications..................................................... 23
2.4.1. Titanium.Dioxide................................................................................ 25
2.4.2. Zero-Valent.Iron................................................................................. 25
2.4.3. Silver................................................................................................... 26
2.4.4. Carbon.Black...................................................................................... 27
2.4.5. Carbon.Nanotubes.............................................................................. 28
2.4.6. Fullerenes........................................................................................... 29
2.5. Summary......................................................................................................... 30
References................................................................................................................. 31
This.chapter.provides.a.working.vocabulary.to.describe.nanoscale.materials..It.iden-
tiies.a.subset.of.nanoscale.materials.that.are.or.will.potentially.be.in.most.“com-
mon”.use,.and.describes.those.materials.as.a.foundation.for.understanding.their.fate.
and.transport.and.possible.toxicological.effects.
This.chapter.mentions.commercially.available.products.containing.nanomateri-
als.to.illustrate.various.aspects.of.nanotechnology..Unless.otherwise.noted,.product.
information.in.this.chapter.originated.from.the.Nanotechnology.Consumer.Products.
Inventory.maintained.by.the.Woodrow.Wilson.Institute.[1].
