Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
table .
effects of nanomaterials or nanoparticles on Mammalian species
size or
diameter
species
Particle
a
Category
exposure or dose
endpoint(s)
effect(s)
Commentary
Ref.
Human.
mesothelioma.and.
rodent.ibroblast.
cell.lines
Nanoparticle.TiO
2
.
8.nm
0,.3.75,.7.5,.and.15.mg/
ml.for.6-day.periods.
and.0,.7.5,.15,.and.30.
mg/mL.for.3.days.
exposure
Cytotoxicity
Weak.cytotoxic.effects
Both.cell.lines.showed.less.
response.after.6.days.of.
exposure.compared.to.3.days.
of.exposure..This.might.be.
due.to.initial.stress.of.the.
nanoparticles,.and.then.
detoxiication.of.the.particles.
and.cell.culture.viability.
recovers.
[35]
Rats
TiO
2
.particles
Nanoscale.TiO
2
.rods
Nanoscale.TiO
2
.dots
300.nm.(rutile.
type).200.nm.×.
35.nm.(anatase.
type)10.nm.
(anatase.type)
1.or.5.mg/kg.
intratracheally.
instilled.in.
phosphate-buffered.
saline;.evaluated.at.
24.hr,.1.week,.1.
month,.and.3.months.
post.instillation
Oxidative.stress/
cytotoxicity;.lung.
histopathology
TiO
2
.particles,.dots,.and.rods.
caused.transient.inlammatory.
and.cytotoxic.effects.observed.
at.24.hr.post.exposure,.but.
effects.were.not.sustained..
Instilled.quartz.particles.
caused.sustained.dose-
dependent.inlammation.as.
well.as.lung.tissue.damage.
consistent.with.pulmonary.
ibrosis.development.
Results.indicate.that.nanoscale.
particles.might.not.be.more.
cytotoxic.to.lung.compared.to.
larger-sized.particles..In.
addition,.results.demonstrate.
that.surface.area.might.not.be.
associated.with.pulmonary.
toxicity.of.nanoscale.
particles.
[36]
Syrian.hamster.
embryo.ibroblast.
cells
Ultraine.TiO
2
.
≤20.nm
Cells.treated.with.0.5,.
1.0,.5,.or.10.mg/cm2.
for.12,.24,.48,.66,.or.
72.hr
Oxidative.stress/.
cytotoxicity
A.signiicant.dose.
(concentration)-dependent.
increase.in.micronuclei.
formation.between.0.5.and.
5.0.mg/cm
2
.(measurement.of.
chromosomal.change);.cell.
death.(apoptosis).observed.
after.24,.48,.and.72.hr.
Results.support.the.mechanism.
of.cell.death.from.exposure.to.
nanoparticles:.particles.react.
with.cell.membranes,.in.turn.
generate.reactive.oxygen.
species.(ROS);.the.oxidative.
stress.leads.to.cell.toxicity.
[37]
