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astounding, through the complementary principles of rational design and combina-
torial approaches. Both methods afford the ability to learn about delivery and uptake
empirically, albeit at different scales of study. Understanding the mechanisms of
uptake and intracellular trafficking and determining the critical physical properties
that facilitate these steps—with clarification from the analysis of structure-activity
relationships—will hopefully inform the judicious design of next-generation vec-
tors that display maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity [ 17 ] .
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