Motivation Model in Community-Built System - Community-Built Databases: Research and Development - page 186

learn, process, understand, synthesize, and deliver knowledge [ 19 ]. Knowledge
network operations include knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer [ 18 ]. Know-
ledge sharing covers profundity and depth of knowledge sharing; knowledge trans-
fer includes transport, absorption, and feedback of knowledge. The nodes in the
knowledge network include individuals, as well as aggregates of individuals, such
as groups, departments, organizations, and agencies. Increasingly, the nodes also
include nonhuman agents such as community-built engines knowledge repositories,
websites, content, and referral databases [ 20 ].
8.2.2 The Problem of Knowledge Representation
in the Knowledge Network
Reality is defined by an unlimited and diverse set of information and stimuli which
attract the human perception system [ 21 ]. Cognitive science assumes the mind's
natural ability to conceptualize [ 22 ]. The conceptual scheme exists in every domain
[ 23 ] and informs the domain's boundaries and paradigm. The conceptual model of
the knowledge domain can be created as an ontology, where the concepts are the
atomic, elementary semantic structures [ 24 , 25 ]. The concept is a nomination of
classes of objects, phenomena, and abstract category [ 26 ]. For each of them, common
features are specified in such a way that every class can be easily distinguished.
From the practical point of view, an ontology is a set of concepts from a specific
domain. The modeling approach, considered as a cognition tool, assumes some
level of the examined object's simplification. The ontological approach is based on
the following assumptions [ 27 ]: (1) the ontology describes the fundamental knowl-
edge, (2) the ontology is build by the subject experts of the specified domain, (3) the
concepts are the ontology nodes, connected by relations, (4) the ontology can be
considered as a unordered graph, and (5) the concepts have to be unique along the
ontology. The community-built database system (repository) is designed to present
the philosophical, scientific, scientific-technical, scientific-technological state of
the selected domain [ 28 ]. Using the repository, the elements of domain knowledge
are shared, mainly in the form of knowledge objects, which are interpreted as
modules of knowledge that emerge as a result of analysis and division of knowledge
into “pieces” [ 27 ].
8.2.3 Role of Users in the Knowledge Network
The knowledge processing “actors” in the knowledge network include knowledge
workers (knowledge individuals) [ 29 ], as well as knowledge systems [ 15 ]. The
actor's connections schema affects the quality of the knowledge network. As found
in [ 15 ], the typical mistakes in maintaining connections can be identified as: actors
are connected only to other actors with low expertise levels; actors who receive