On Using Social Context to Model Information Retrieval and Collaboration in Scientific Research Community - Community-Built Databases: Research and Development - page 143

l Citation : connects two authors a i , a j 2

A with author a j is cited by a i at least once

through his documents.
l Bookmarking : connects a user u i 2

U and his bookmarked document d j 2 D .

l Annotation : connects a document d i 2

D with a tag t j 2 T assigned at least once

to describe its content.
l Tagging : connects a user u i 2

U and a tag t j 2 T as he uses it at least once to

bookmark a document.
l Friendship : connects users u i , u j 2

U if either they have a direct personal
relationship or they join the same group.

The social entities included in the social information network for the literature
access could be represented using a graph notation illustrated in Fig. 6.2 .

6.5.1.2 The Quantitative Model Component

As stated above, edges connecting social nodes may express different kinds of
social relationships and significantly optimize the exploring process of the social
network. In fact, if we explore the social neighborhood (closely reachable nodes) of
a social entity, weights would help to select jumping nodes. Through our model, we
investigate a weighting model for author-to-author relationships e ( a i , a j )

2 ( A A )

and author-to-document relationships e ( a i , d j ) 2 ( A D ).

l Coauthorship . This social relationship is represented by an undirected edge
connecting two authors having collaborated to produce a document. Coauthors
have often personal direct relationships; however, multiple collaborations reflect
their similarity and shared interest. In fact, scientific authors tend to exchange
knowledge and diversify their collaborations. For this reason, we propose to
normalize weights by the total of collaborations involving the couple of authors.
The coauthorship edges could be weighted as follows:

2 A ð i ; j Þ

ð i j Þ¼ (6.1)

Co ;

Þ ;

A ð i Þþ A ð j

Document

Author
User

Tag

Co-authorship

Authorship

Citation

Fig. 6.2 The social entities
included in the social
information network for the
literature access could be
represented using a graph
notation

Reference
Bookmarking
Tagging
Annotation
Friendship