Agriculture Reference
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can increase the external exposure for workers due to its high radium content. Changes in the
working routine, such as limitations of the residence time and the improvement of waste
management, can reduce this pathway. The dust resuspended from the stacks is most
significant in dry windy climates than in temperate ones, in which a crust is usually
developed. The radon exhalation from the phosphogypsum stacks is almost negligible, since
they are usually located outdoors and the radon is diluted in the surrounding atmosphere.
However, the constructions built reclaimed stacks are sensitive to an enhancement of indoor
radon. The use of phosphogympsum as building material is not recommended because it can
also be a source of indoor radon.
The agricultural use of fertilizers increased the naturally occurring radionuclide content
in soil. But the external exposure due to this increase can be considered as negligible. Their
transfer to different vegetal foodstuff was also low, comparable with non-fertilized plants.
However, their use can increase the eutrophication of waterbodies along with an increase of
their uranium content. Another interesting use of fertilizers is their ability to reduce the
transfer of anthropogenic radionuclides to plants, acting as countermeasures. It was based on
the saturation of stable elements, chemically analogue to radionuclides, in the soil solution.
The use of potassium based fertilizers reduced the uptake and transfer of radiocaesium; while
the use of calcium, generally as lime, reduced that of radiostrontium.
A CKNOWLEDGMENT
We are grateful to the Autonomous Government of Extremadura (Junta de Extremadura)
for the financial support to the LARUEX research group (FQM001) and to the Spain's
Nuclear Safety Board (CSN) in its R&D program 2004-2007.
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