Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3. Range of activity level of naturally occurring radionuclides, expressed in Bq·kg -1 in phosphogypsum from different countries.
The uranium and thorium contents reported in ppm were converted to activity levels using the factors 9.28·10 -5 and 2.46·10 -4 g·Bq -1 for
total uranium and thorium, respectively
U series
Th series
40 K
References
Country
238 U
234 U
230 Th
226 Ra
210 Pb
210 Po
232 Th
228 Ra
Australia
510
----
----
451-500
----
----
10
----
20
(Beretka et al., 1985)
Bangladesh
----
----
----
234
----
----
21
----
108
(Alam et al., 1997)
Brazil
< 2-61
40-89
32-978
24-940
66-1163
----
19-257
29-273
< 45
(Saueia et al.,2005; Saueia et al., 2006)
Canada
59-143
----
----
----
----
----
4
----
----
(Luther et al., 1993)
Croatia
56-89
----
----
309-772
----
----
----
3.6-6.2
6.2-107
(Bituh et al., 2009)
Egypt
----
----
596
----
----
6.2
----
2.1
(Mourad et al., 2009)
(Papastefanou et al., 2006;Stamatis et
al., 2010)
Greece
19-400
----
----
550-2500
430-514
----
2.7-3.3
3.3-80
5-13
Hungary
587
----
----
1093
----
----
6.9
68
18
(Fourati et al., 1988)
India
< 10-60
----
----
505-539
483-594
418-560
----
----
----
(Burnett et al.,1996)
Korea
----
----
----
432-844
----
----
4.6-11.3
----
8.6-37.9
(Song et al., 2011)
Morocco
----
----
----
1420
----
----
----
----
----
(Azouazi et al., 2001)
Nigeria
----
----
----
335
----
----
4
----
200
(Okeji et al., 2012b)
(Mas et al., 2006; Dueñas et al., 2007;
Bolívar et al., 2009)
Spain
24-650
260-650
1.1-830
9.1-1110
6-640
----
0.05-34
<1.5-16.9
20-50
Syria
39-38
----
----
259-381
482-532
927-1107
----
----
----
(Al-Attar et al., 2011)
South Africa
17-73
----
----
45-48
76-132
----
205-284
----
----
(IAEA, 2003)
Tanzania
----
----
----
3219
----
----
----
----
41
(Makweba et al., 1993)
Turkey
----
----
----
283-588
----
----
< 5-32.8
----
< 27-116
(Yücel et al.,2004)
USA
22-451
68-403
90-513
269-1358
343-1853
383-1765
11
----
----
(Hull et al., 1996; IAEA, 2003)
Worldwide range
<2-650
40-650
1.1-978
9.1-3219
6-1853
383-1765
0.05-284
<1.5-273
2.1-200
Present work
Search WWH ::




Custom Search