Agriculture Reference
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Figure 6. Epoxidized reaction of NR by using H 2 O 2 and formic acid.
Epoxidation
The epoxidation of NR to produce ENR is a chemical epoxidation using modified natural
rubber prepared by converting a part of the carbon-carbon double bonds in the NR molecules
into functional epoxy groups and is normally carried out in the latex form (Riyajan et al.,
2009a). By adding the mixture of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide, we obtain ENR having
epoxide groups randomly distributed along the NR molecule as shown in Figure 6. Compared
with NR, the damping, polarity and glass transition temperature of ENR are increased. But
ENR shows a reduction in swelling in hydrocarbon oils and gas permeability. The possible
applications of ENR are as an adhesive (Riyajan and Phupewkeaw, 2012c) and compatibilizer
(Rajasekar, 2009) for blends.
Grafting Reaction
The organic resistance and biodegrability of NR are improved by grafting a copolymer.
In this work, the NR molecule was grafted with biopolymers such as chitosan (CTS) (Riyajan
and Sukhlaaied, 2013a) cassava starch (Riyajan et al., 2012a) and cellulose fiber (Riyajan et
al., 2013c). In addition, the chemical structural of NR was grafted with maleic anhydride for
use as a polymer compatibilizer. The possible grafting reaction between ENR and CTS is
displayed in Figure 7.
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