Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Effect (%)
Monitoring to verify
that no worsening occurs
Monitoring to verify
Remediation eciency
100
EC 50
Exposure
NOEC
0
No risk
No action
needed
Acceptable risk
Political decision
Unacceptable risk
Remediation needed
FIGURE 16.4
Relationship between the level of exposure, expected effects and actions needed. EC 50 , mean effective concen-
tration; NOEC, no observed effect concentration.
in the field of water policy, which explicitly mentions the contribution of the European
Economic and Social Committee. At the interface between experts and the general public,
the contribution of sociologists would be useful to improve the environmental governance
of the ecosociosystem.
References
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Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
Adams, S.M. et al. 1989. The use of bioindicators for assessing the effects of pollutant stress on fish.
Mar. Environ. Res. 28:459-64.
Almeida, J.R. et al. 2010. Linking behavioural alterations with biomarkers responses in the
European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. exposed to the organophospate pesticide fenitrothion.
Ecotoxicology 19:1369-81.
Amiard, J.C. et al. 2009. Quantification of contaminants. In: Environmental Assessment of Estuarine
Ecosysqtems. A Case Study , ed. C. Amiard-Triquet and P.S. Rainbow, 31-57. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press.
Amiard-Triquet, C. 2009. Behavioral disturbances: The missing link between sub-organismal and
supra-organismal responses to stress? Prospects based on aquatic research. Hum. Ecol. Risk
Assess . 15:87-110.
Amiard-Triquet, C., and P.S. Rainbow. 2009. Conclusions. In: Environmental Assessment of Estuarine
Ecosystems. A Case Study , ed. C. Amiard-Triquet and P.S. Rainbow, Chapter 16, 323-48. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Amiard-Triquet, C., P.S. Rainbow, and M. Roméo. 2011. Tolerance to Environmental Contaminants . Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Andral, B. et al. 2004. Monitoring chemical contamination levels in the Mediterranean based on the
use of mussel caging. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 49:704-12.
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