Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 11.1 (Continued)
Influence of Metals or Organic Contaminants on Digestive Enzyme Activities in Animals
Exposure
Conditions
Effects on Digestive
Enzymes
Contaminant
Species
Reference
Permethrin (P)
Cypermethrin (C)
In vivo
P and C: 1 to
10 µg mL -1
Cyprinus carpio
C and P: Trypsin (-),
Lipase (-), CpA (-),
α-Chymotrypsin (+)
Simon et al. 1999
Naphtalene
In vitro
0.3 to 15 mg L -1
Oreochromis
mossambicus
Carbohydrases (=)
Golovanova et al.
1994
In vivo
1.5 mg L -1 (15 to
60 days)
Oreochromis
mossambicus
Carbohydrases (=)
Propiconazole
In vitro
500 µg L −1
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
Amylase (-)
Li et al. 2010
Sodium
pentachlorophenolate
In vivo
0.1 to 2 mg L -1
Daphnia magna
De Coen et al. 1998
β-Galactosidase (-),
Esterase (-),
Trypsin (-)
TBT
In vivo
5 to 45 µg L -1
Daphnia magna
De Coen et al. 1998
β-Galactosidase (-),
Esterase (-),
Trypsin (-)
Mixture (acid mine
drainage)
In vivo
Gammarus
fossarum
Dedourge-Geffard
et al. 2009
β-Galactosidase (-),
Esterase (-),
Amylase (-),
Cellulase (-),
β-Glucosidase (-)
Mixture (industrial
wastewaters)
In vivo
Orchestia
gammarellus
Esterase (-),
α-Amylase (-)
Douhri and Sayah
2010
Mixture (three
estuaries, pollution
gradient)
In vivo
Scrobicularia plana
Amylase (-),
Cellulase (-)
Boldina Cosqueric
et al. 2010
Mixture (two estuaries,
pollution gradient)
In vivo
Nereis diversicolor
Amylase (-),
Cellulase (-)
Kalman et al. 2009
Notes: (-), inhibition; (+), induction; (=), no effect; TBT, tributyltin.
digestive fluids. Thus, Chen et al. (2002) observed in the annelid Arenicola marina induction
followed by inhibition of the activity of different digestive enzymes (proteases, lipases,
esterases, glucosidases) exposed to increasing concentrations of copper. These research-
ers also recorded in other invertebrate species (annelids, mollusks, echinoderms) a “bell-
shaped” activity of digestive protease exposed to increasing concentrations of copper,
the “transition” between inductor and inhibitor effects of the metal ion being observed at
a variable concentration threshold according to the species exposed (e.g., 171-176 μM in
clams Mya arenaria and oysters Crassostrea virginica , 868 μM in ribbed mussels Modiolus
demissus ). On the other hand, Hsieh et al. (2008) and Tsao et al. (2003), working on amy-
lase isoforms isolated from two aquatic gastropods ( Haliotis sieboldii , Sulculus diversicolor
aquatilis ), observed an induction of their activities when exposed to manganese, nickel,
or silver, and a repression of their activities when exposed to copper, cadmium, or zinc.
During intraluminal perfusion in rainbow trout, Bogé et al. (1988) did not observe any
effect of chromium on maltase activity, even at high exposure concentrations. However,
these potassium bichromate perfusions inhibited alkaline phosphatase activities, the
intensity of inhibition being correlated positively with the concentration and length of
 
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