Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 8.6
Carbon dioxide emission factors for different fuels sources in the United States.
Fuel
Code
Emission Coefficients
Kg CO
2
per Unit
Volume or Mass
Kg CO
2
per GJ
Petroleum Products
Aviation Gasoline
AV
2.196 per liter
65.798
Distillate Fuel (No. 1, No. 2, No. 4 Fuel
Oil and Diesel)
DF
2.678 per liter
69.533
Jet Fuel
JF
2.523 per liter
67.324
Kerosene
KS
2.576 per liter
68.735
Liquified Petroleum Gases (LPG)
LG
1.532 per liter
59.905
Motor Gasoline
MG
2.340 per liter
67.396
Petroleum Coke
PC
3.875 per liter
96.997
Residual Fuel (No. 5 and No. 6 Fuel Oil)
RF
3.114 per liter
74.927
Natural Gas and Other Gaseous Fuels
Methane
ME
1.959 per m
3
49.659
Landfill Gas
LF
See note per m
3
49.659
Flare Gas
FG
2.252 per m
3
52.012
Natural Gas (Pipeline)
NG
2.030 per m
3
50.444
Propane
PR
1.515 per liter
59.965
Coal
CL
Anthracite
AC
2843 per tonne
97.975
Bituminous
BC
2466 per tonne
88.453
Subbituminous
SB
1858 per tonne
91.642
Lignite
LC
1396 per tonne
92.805
Renewable Sources
Biomass
BM
Varies depending on the
composition
Geothermal Energy
GE
0
0
Wind
WN
0
0
Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal
PV
0
0
Hydropower
HY
0
0
Wood and Wood Waste 2
WW
1906 per tonne
84.016
Municipal Solid Waste 2
MS
1000 per tonne
86.107
Nuclear
NU
0
0
Note
: For landfill gas multiply the methane factor by the percentage of methane in the landfill gas.
Adapted from “Voluntary reporting of greenhouse gases program,” n.d.
Facilities management and maintenance reports
contain information of fuel consumption
or repair report. For instance, data on kilograms of refrigerant that was used to refill a
refrigeration equipment last time it was serviced.
Financial accounting systems
, such as accounts payable or inventory, are likely to have
records of fuel and electricity purchases.
Environmental reporting systems
reports can be used in many cases to identify GHGs in
countries where emissions of pollutants have to be reported.
Reports sent to agencies
, including economic, regulatory, and trade associations, such as
the Annual Survey of Manufacturers, can be used with the purpose of tracking consumption
of fuel and electricity.
With the emission sources identified and the estimated activity rates (e.g., kW h/year,
gallon/year), the next step consists of calculating the emissions using emission factors for
stationary and mobile sources (Table 8.6) by just multiplying the emission factors by the
activity rates. When dealing with electricity, however, the compilation of emission factors is
