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Once these descriptions are available, they can be fed into an adaptation deci-
sion-taking engine (ADTE). In our work we rely on an existing implementation
[11]. In particular, the implementation is generic in a sense that the core is inde-
pendent of the actual description format and solves a mathematical optimization
problem by restricting the solution space in order that the limitation and optimiza-
tion constraints are fulfilled. In our example, the ADTE will assign values to the
AdaptationQoS' IOPins, which can be used to adjust the bit-rate and frame rate ac-
cording to the measured packet loss while maximizing the MOS.
5 Conclusions
In this chapter we have proposed an architecture allowing for the end-to-end man-
agement of heterogeneous environments enabling QoS/QoE. On top of this archi-
tecture the ENTHRONE Integrated Management Supervisor (EIMS) specifies
subsystems (i.e., EIMS Managers) providing various functionalities required for
modern end-to-end media delivery chains featuring a cross-layer QoS/QoE adap-
tation concept. Although cross-layer interactions violate the traditional protocol
hierarchy and traditional isolation model, interoperability is preserved through the
adoption of standardized description formats based on MPEG-7 and MPEG-21.
Additionally, the interfaces to the EIMS Managers are defined using Web Services
and interoperable payload formats, also based on MPEG-7 and MPEG-21.
The second part of this chapter focuses on the problem on how to measure
QoS/QoE degradations at the terminal as perceived by the user without requiring
cost-intensive subjective test. Therefore, a detailed QoS/QoE model for video
transmission is proposed following the philosophy of the ITU-T's E-model for au-
dio and taking into account the impact on frame rate, bandwidth, and packet loss.
In order to use this model within the EIMS architecture we demonstrated its trans-
lation into interoperable description formats compliant to MPEG-21.
Acknowledgments. This work is supported by the European Commission in the context of
the ENTHRONE project (IST-1-507637). Further information is available at
http://www.ist-enthrone.org. In particular, the authors would like to thank Michael Rans-
burg, Ingo Kofler, Hermann Hellwagner (Klagenfurt University), Pedro Souto, Pedro Car-
valho, Hélder Castro (INESC Porto), Mamadou Sidibé, Ahmed Mehaoua, Li Fang (CNRS-
PRISM), Adam Lindsay, Michael Mackay (University of Lancaster), Artur Lugmayr (Tam-
pere University of Technology), Bernhard Feiten (T-Systems), Víctor H. Ortega (Tecsidel),
and José M. González (Telefónica I+D).
References
1. Guenkova-Luy, T., Kassler, A., Mandato, D.: End-to-End Quality of Service Coordi-
nation for Mobile Multimedia Applications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Com-
munications 22(5), 889-903 (2004)
2. Network Neutrality,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_neutrality
(accessed October 5, 2009)
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