Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e A . 1
Atomic number(a), element name(b), element symbol(c) and common oxidation states(d)
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
1
hydrogen
H
C
1
3
lithium
Li
C
1
4
beryllium
Be
C
2
5
boron
B
C
3
6
carbon
C
4,
C
2,
C
4
7
nitrogen
N
(3,2,1),
C
1
8
oxygen
O
2
9
fluorine
F
1
11
sodium
Na
C
1
12
magnesium
Mg
C
2
13
aluminum
Al
C
3
14
silicon
Si
4,
C
2,
C
4
15
phosphorus
P
3,
C
3,
C
5
16
sulfur
S
2,
C
4,
C
6
17
chlorine
Cl
1,
C
1,
C
3,
C
5,
C
7
19
potassium
K
C1
20
calcium
Ca
C
21
scandium
Sc
C3
22
titanium
Ti
C
2,
C
3,
C
4
23
vanadium
V
C
2,
C
3,
C
4,
C
5
24
chromium
Cr
C
2,
C
3,
C
6
25
manganese
Mn
C2,C3,C4,C7
26
iron
Fe
C2,C3
27
cobalt
Co
C2,C3
28
nickel
Ni
C
2
29
copper
Cu
C
1,
C
2
30
zinc
Zn
C
2
31
gallium
Ga
C
3
32
germanium
Ge
4,
C
2,
C
4
33
arsenic
As
3,
C
3,
C
5
34
selenium
Se
2,
C
4,
C
5
35
bromine
Br
1,
C
1,
C
6
37
rubidium
Rb
C
1
38
strontium
Sr
C
2
39
yttrium
Y
C
3
40
zirconium
Zr
C
4
41
niobium
Nb
C
3,
C
5
42
molybdenum
Mo
C
3,
C
6
43
technetium
Tc
C
4,
C
6,
C
7
44
ruthenium
Ru
C
3
45
rhodium
Rh
C
3
46
palladium
Pd
C
2,
C
4
47
silver
Ag
1
C
48
cadmium
Cd
C
2
49
indium
In
C
3
50
tin
Sn
C
2,
C
4
51
antimony
Sb
3,
C
3,
C
5
52
tellurium
Te
2,
C
4,
C
6
53
iodine
I
1,
C
1,
C
5,
C
7
55
cesium
Cs
C
1
56
barium
Ba
C
2
57
lanthanum
La
C
3
58
cerium
Ce
C
3,
C
4
59
praesodymium
Pr
C
3
60
neodymium
Nd
C3
61
promethium
Pm
C3
62
samarium
Sm
C2,C3
63
europium
Eu
C
2,
C
3
64
gadolinium
Gd
C
3
65
terbium
Tb
C
3
66
dysprosium
Dy
C3
67
holmium
Ho
C3
68
erbium
Er
C3
69
thulium
Tm
C
3
70
ytterbium
Yb
C
2,
C
3
71
lutetium
Lu
C
3
72
hafnium
Hf
C
4
73
tantalum
Ta
C
5
74
tungsten
W
C
6
75
rhenium
Re
C
4,
C
6,
C
7
76
osmium
Os
C
3,
C
4
77
iridium
Ir
C
3,
C
4
78
platinum
Pt
C
2,
C
4
79
gold
Au
C
1,
C
3
80
mercury
Hg
C
1,
C
2
81
thallium
Tl
C
1,
C
3
82
lead
Pb
C
2,
C
4
83
bismuth
Bi
C
3,
C
5
84
polonium
Po
C
2,
C
4
85
astatine
At
87
francium
Fr
C
1
88
radium
Ra
C
2
89
actinium
Ac
C
3
90
thorium
Th
C
4
91
proactinium
Pa
C
4,
C
5
92
uranium
U
C
3,
C
4,
C
5,
C
6
