Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Metal-specific patterns of tissue accumulation.
Protein and other ligand binding.
Metal-metal interactions and interactions between metals and organics.
The list summarizes nicely what has been said in former sections about the
potential physiological implications of individual elements. For chromium with its
two oxidation states, a PBPK modeling for humans has been published but not for
instance for vanadium. For manganese, also an element with complex chemistry,
the data gaps were analyzed that will need to be addressed with targeted research
prior to successfully modeling the uptake, distribution and elimination. The time
has come to collect large epidemiological data sets. The huge number of people car-
rying implants for a considerable period of time should allow the construction of a
statistically powerful tool to develop an accurate PBPK model for all metals used in
implants.
