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A
B
E
Lp
C
D
Gb
Ga
Fig. 10.1 (A) Immunohistochemistry of Ig + intestinal lymphocytes in 99 dph sea bream fry. The
polyclonal antiserum ORa immunostained Ig + cells seed both the mucosal epithelium and the lamina
propria (probiotic group A). (B) May-Grümwald-Giemsa staining of posterior intestine in 99 dph sea bream
fry showing lymphoid cells (arrows) and acidophilic granulocytes (arrowheads) in the mucosal epithelium
(E) and lamina propria (Lp) (probiotic group A). (C) Electron microscopy of sea bream granulocytes housed
in the intestinal mucosa. This subpopulation (Ga) is characterized by a rounded shape and cytoplasmic
granules. The granules have electron dense paracrystalline cores. (D) Electron microscopy of intestinal sea
bream granulocytes housed in the lamina propria (Gb). Gb granulocytes have an elongated shape, a
distinct granule type and autolysosomes (arrows). Scale bars: A = 20 μ m; B = 5 μ m; C = 500 nm; D = 1
μ m. (Source: Simona Picchietti et al . 2007.) For colour detail see Plate 11.
piscicida (Cerezuela etal . 2012a). Curiously, fish fed the experimental diets showed important
alterations in the intestinal microbiota and signs of oedema and inflammation that could com-
promise intestinal barrier function and homeostasis (Cerezuela et al . 2012b). Similar changes
in the intestinal morphology and microbiota were caused by dietary administration of inulin
and B. subtilis singly or in combination with gilthead sea bream (Cerezuela et al . 2013).
10.4 PROBIOTIC APPLICATIONS IN SOLE SPP.
Probiotics have been studied for use in the rearing of two sole species: Senegalese sole ( Solea
senegalensis ), which has become of great interest to fish producers in the last decade due to its
high value and the increased market demand (Howell 1997; Imsland et al . 2003; Overton et al .
 
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