Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.3
Probiotic applications at different rearing stages of Gadidae and the main effects observed.
Rearing stage
Probiotic used
Administration mode
Main effects observed
Reference
Atlantic cod
(
Gadus morhua
)
Larval (9 days)
C. divergens
-like (AUT)
Unfed larvae bathed in RW
containing the probiont
(10
5
CFUml
-1
) for 9 days
Controlled bacterial load and
influenced microbiota
composition
Strøm and Ringø (1993)
Commercial product Remus
®
(Avecom)
(24 days)
Enriched rotifers (12 g 500 000
rotifers
-1
; daily) and larval RW
(40 ppm every 2 days) for 24
days
Down-regulation of proteins
related to stress and immune
function; most of up-regulated
proteins linked to growth and
development
Sveinsdottir
et al.
(2009)
(27 days)
C. divergens
V41,
Arthrobacter
and
Enterococcus
spp. (ALL)
Ova and larvae bathed in RW
containing bacterial mixture
(10
6-7
CFUml
-1
)
Enhanced survival, growth, vitality
and microbiota control in larvae
retaining both
Arthrobacter
and
Enterococcus
spp.
Lauzon
et al.
(2010c)
(36 days)
Arthrobacter
and
Enterococcus
spp.
Ova and larvae bathed in RW
containing bacterial mixture
(10
5-6
CFU ml
-1
)
Enhanced larval development,
growth and gut microbiota, with
proportionally lower
Vibrio
load
Lauzon
et al.
(2010d)
In vitro
test (10
7
CFUml
-1
of
probiotic
±
10
6
CFUml
-1
of
V.
anguillarum
) on cod embryos
distributed singly in 2ml
seawater
(0-14 dph)
Phaeobacter gallaeciensis
BS107 (DSM17395) (ALL)
Harmless and beneficial to cod
embryos/larvae; increased
larval survival of treated and
Vibrio
-challenged embryos
compared to positive and
negative controls
D'Alvise
et al.
(2012)
In vitro
test (10
7
CFU ml
-1
of
probiotic
+
/- 10
6
CFUml
-1
of
V. anguillarum
) on cod embryos
distributed singly in 2ml
seawater
(0-14 dph)
Phaeobacter gallaeciensis
BS107,
Phaeobacter
sp.
27-4, and
Phaeobacter
sp.
M23-3.1 (ALL)
Better survival of probiotic-treated
larvae compared to control;
enhanced disease resistance,
especially when added 48 h
before pathogen
D'Alvise
et al.
(2013)
Dry feed (10
7-9
CFUg
-1
) given
for 6 weeks, with
V. anguillarum
(7
×
10
6
CFUml
-1
,1h)
challenge at mid-term
Juvenile (6 wks)
C. divergens
(AUT)
Certain improvement of disease
resistance; LAB dominated the
intestinal microbiota of surviving
fish
Gildberg
et al.
(1997)
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