Probiotic Modulation of the Gut Microbiota of Fish - Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics - page 209

Table 8.4 Overview of yeast probiotic studies in fish which have investigated gut microbiota.

Probiont Fish Techniques References

S. cerevisiae Rainbow trout TVC; probiont SM; 16S rRNA of

probiont; 16S rRNA of
indigenous microbiota

Aubin et al . (2005)

European sea bass Fluorescent staining; culture

based (yeast)

Tovar et al . (2002)

Pollock TVC; probiotic SM; SM groups

of interest

Gatesoupe (2002)

Rainbow trout Culture based (total and yeast);

SEM

Andlid et al . (1995)

Gibel carp DGGE He et al . (2011)

S. cerevisiae + ( Lc. lactis
and/or B. subtilis )

Rohu TVC, probiont SM; conventional

tests

Mohapatra et al .
(2012)

D. hansenii European sea bass Fluorescent staining; culture

based (yeast)

Tovar et al . (2002)

Gilthead sea bream DGGE Tapia-Paniagua

et al. (2011)

Rainbow trout Culture based (total and yeast);

SEM

Andlid et al . (1995)

R. glutinis Rainbow trout Culture based (total and yeast);

SEM

Andlid et al . (1995)

Senegalese sole supplemented diets for 60 days, DGGE fingerprints revealed intestinal micro-
bial profiles which were clearly distinct from fish receiving the different diets; dendrogramatic
analysis of the DGGE profiles showed that the bacterial communities in the probiotic fed fish
clustered together and displayed ca. 50% dissimilarity to the control profiles. Tapia-Paniagua
et al . (2010) reported that dietary administration of both fresh and lyophilized Sh. putrefaciens
(Pdp11) modulated the gut microbiota of Senegalese sole: DGGE profiles from both probi-
otic treatments clustered away from the control replicates, similarity coefficients of within
treatment replicates were significantly elevated in both probiotic treatments, and probiotic
supplementation led to an increase of the predominant species related to the Vibrio genus.
Modulation of the Senegalese sole gut bacterial communities by these probiotic strains was
confirmed by de La Banda et al . (2010), although this study revealed that the extent of the
modulation may be dependent on the probiotic strain administered, with Sh. baltica inducing
a clearer and more consistent effect. Unfortunately, no quantitative data are yet available on
the impact of Shewanella probiotics on the gut microbiota of fish.
Yeasts have also been investigated for their properties as probiotics for fish and some
of these studies have investigated the mechanisms of action and the extent of GI microbial
modulation for Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula glutinis
(Table 8.4). Readers with a specific interest in yeast are referred to the comprehensive review
on yeast in the gut of fish (indigenous and probiotic) by Gatesoupe (2007) and elsewhere
(Merrifield et al . 2010a; Dimitroglou et al . 2011).