Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fish and Crustaceans - Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics - page 152

leukocytes. In addition, the strain significantly increased the survival rate of fish challenged
with P. damselae subsp. piscicida .
6.18 MUGILIDAE
In a study evaluating culturable bacteria in the gut of flathead grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ),
Ghosh et al . (2011) tested 18 isolates for antibacterial activities against several fish, shrimp
and human pathogens. Eleven LAB strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing:
Lb . brevis (five isolates), Lb . plantarum (two isolates), Lb . paralimentarius , Lb . mindensis ,
Lactobacillus sp. and an uncultured lactobacilli. In a more recent study, Ghosh et al . (2014)
revealed several lactobacilli - Lb. brevis , Lb . casei , Lb . plantarum , Lactobacillus heilongensis
and Lactobacillus kimchii - in the GI tract of M . cephalus .
6.19 COASTAL FISH
Coastal fish inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the edge of the continental shelf. During
the last decade a number of studies have investigated the intestinal microbial communities
in Thai, Japanese and Argentine coastal fish (Shiina et al . 2006; Buntin et al . 2008; Itoi et al .
2008; Sequeiros et al . 2010; Sica et al . 2010; Tanaka et al . 2012). Readers with special interest
in the family names of the fish species investigated are referred to the original studies.
Shiina et al . (2006) evaluated the allochthonous gut microbiota of Takifugu niphobles by
creating clone libraries and reported that 16.3% and 5.8% of the isolates were related to Lacto-
coccus and Streptococcus , respectively. Of the LAB identified, the authors reported Lc.rafino-
lactis , Lc . lactis , Streptococcus australis and W . confusa . Furthermore, one of the sequences
deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases, sequence AB194668, showed similarity
to Leuconostoc kimchii / Leu . citreum / Leuconostoc argentinum . In a later study, Buntin et al .
(2008) isolated 116 LAB strains from the gut of several fish species from Thailand. Three of
these, two P . pentosaceus and one E. faecium , were further tested for antibacterial activities
against several human pathogens. Itoi et al . (2008) isolated allochthonous gut microbiota from
six coastal fish species. In total 668 bacteria were isolated, of which 227 isolates were presump-
tive LAB. Four of these were identified as Lc . lactis subsp. lactis but the remaining LAB were
not identified. Sequeiros et al . (2010) isolated 53 LAB from the intestinal contents of a Patag-
onian fish, Odontesthes platensis . One of the LAB, strain TW34, was identified as belonging
to the Lc . lactis clade and, based on its antimicrobial spectrum, antimicrobial activities against
several fish pathogens and the stability of the bacteriocin activities, the authors suggested that
Lc . lactis TW34 could provide an alternative for lactococcosis control and recommended chal-
lenge experiments with O. platensis .Sica et al . (2010) isolated 21 LAB from the gut contents
of four coastal fish species from a mesotidal coastal plain estuary in Argentina. 16S rRNA
gene sequencing of the isolates revealed that LAB isolated from Ramnogaster arcuata sam-
pled in December were E. hirae , Lb . paracasei subsp. tolerans and Weissella viridescens ,
while fish sampled in May contained Leu . citreum and W . viridescens . Of the other fish species
sampled in May, Leu . mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and W . viridescens were detected
in the intestine of Cynoscion guatucupa , W . viridescens in the intestine of Brevoortia aurea
and Leu . mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides in the intestine of Micropogonias furnieri .Ina