Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria in Fish and Crustaceans - Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics - page 143

6.5 CLUPEIDAE
A number of studies have reported LAB from members of the Clupeidae family but less
information is available on the level, or activity, of these populations. Early reports on her-
ring have suggested that the lactobacilli isolated from the whole intestine of herring belonged
to Lb . brevis or Lb . plantarum (Kraus 1961). Although not identified to species level, LAB
levels have been reported to be 190 bacteria g −1 in the gut of spawning herring and 9.3 ×
10 3 bacteria g −1 in intensively fed fish (Daczkowska-Kozon 1988). More recent studies on
the gut microbiota of Clupeidae have isolated E. hirae , Lb . paracasei subsp. tolerans , Weis-
sella viridescens and Leu . citreum in Jenyns's sprat ( Ramnogaster arcuata ) (Sica et al . 2010)
and W . viridescens from Brazilian menhaden ( Brevoortia aurea ) (Sica et al . 2010). Sahnouni
et al . (2012) isolated different LAB from the contents of the intestinal tracts of sardine ( Sar-
dina pilchardus ) and bug ( Boops boops ). The strains were identified based on morphology
and biochemical tests as E . faecium , Lb . plantarum , Lc . lactis subsp. diacetylactis , Lc . lactis
subsp. lactis and Leuconostoc sp. These bacteria were further tested for their ability to inhibit
10 pathogenic bacteria and for the production of proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic activi-
ties. These studies provide some information on LAB identity and in vitro characteristics but
clearly more comprehensive studies on the LAB of Clupeidae are warranted.
6.6 ANARHICHADIDAE
To the authors' knowledge the only information with regards to LAB in the GI tract of
anarhichadidae is reported by Ringø et al . (2001). In this study, the authors reported an
adherent C . divergens isolate from the whole intestine of wolffish ( Anarhichas lupus L.)
fry, and the isolate has been reported to inhibit in vitro growth of A . salmonicida subsp.
salmonicida and V . anguillarum (Ringø 2008).
6.7 ACIPENSERIDAE
Despite extensive research on the isolation and characterization of LAB in finfish, limited
reports are available on sturgeons (Mahious etal . 2006b; Askarian etal . 2008; 2009; Ghanbari
et al . 2009; Askarian et al . 2011; Soltani et al . 2013). However, the effects of dietary supple-
ments including inactive yeast and prebiotics (inulin and oligofructose) on the indigenous LAB
have been studied using culture based techniques in sturgeons (Mahious et al . 2006a; Reza
et al . 2009; Hoseinifar et al . 2011a; 2011b). Preliminary information on the presence of LAB
in intestinal microbiota of Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenserbaerii ) has been presented by Mahious
et al . (2006b). Although molecular and culture based techniques revealed that the majority of
isolates belonged to the Bacillus subtilis group (19.8%) and members of the Enterobacteri-
aceae family (29.1%), isolation of Lc. lactis was also reported. In contrast, Rurangwa et al .
(2009) reported that Lb.delbrueckii subsp. lactis was one of the most prevalent species isolated
from the gut of Siberian sturgeon fed fermentable carbohydrates. Isolation of LAB from the GI
tract of beluga ( Huso huso ) and Persian sturgeon ( Acipenser persicus ) has also been reported
(Askarian etal . 2009; Ghanbari etal . 2009; Askarian etal . 2011; Soltani etal . 2013). Askarian
et al . (2009) isolated and characterized indigenous LAB in different parts of the digestive tract