Effects of Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Phytoestrogens on the Kisspeptin System - Kisspeptin Signaling in Reproductive Biology - page 452

Table 21.2 Summary of perinatal EDC effects on the rat kisspeptin (Kp) system
AVPV/PeN ARC MeA Physiological outcomes

Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males References

E2, EE,
or
EB

Fewer Kp cells Reduced

Kiss1r at
birth

Fewer Kp cells None
observed

None
observed

Lower Kiss1
expression

Early vaginal
opening

[ 96 , 101 , 102 ,
111 ]

Lower Kiss1
expression

Lower Kiss1
expression Anestrus

Impaired steroid
positive
feedback

Fewer Kp fi bers

Fewer Kp
fi bers

Fewer Kp contacts
on GnRH
neurons
Elevated Kiss1r at
birth

BPA No effect on Kp

fi ber density

More Kp
neurons

Fewer Kp
fi bers

None
observed

None
observed

Lower Kiss1
expression

Early vaginal
opening

Decreased basal LH
levels

[ 91 , 96 , 101 ,
103 , 104 ]

Fewer Kiss1 cells
preweaning

Irregular estrus Feminization of

steroid positive
feedback
Elevated anxiety

PCBs Elevated Kiss1r at

birth

Reduced
Kiss1r at
birth

Impaired steroid
positive
feedback

Delayed puberty [ 111 ]

Lower serum
progesterone
levels

[ 112 ]

Fewer Kp fi bers No observed

effects in
adulthood

Lower serum
androgen levels
(some congeners)

GEN Fewer Kp fi bers None

observed

No impact on
Kp fi bers

None
observed

Early vaginal
opening

[ 88 , 119 ]

Anestrus
Impaired steroid
positive
feedback