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Fig. 13.2
Differential estradiol regulation of
Kiss1
mRNA in the anteroventral periventricular
nucleus (AVPV) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the female mouse. (
a
) Photomicrographs show
Kiss1
mRNA-expressing cells in representative sections of the AVPV and ARC from ovary-intact,
ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX + estradiol-treated (E2) mice.
3V
third ventricle. Scale
bars = 100
m. (
b
) Quantifi cation of the data appears below. Values (mean ± SEM) without com-
mon notations (a, b, c) differ signifi cantly (
P
< 0.01). Data taken from Smith JT, Cunningham MJ,
Rissman EF, Clifton DK, Steiner RA 2005 Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the
female mouse. Endocrinology 146:3686-3692 with permission from The Endocrine Society
μ
regulation of GnRH neurons. Alternatively, ER
may play some other role in kiss-
peptin neurons, perhaps independent of
Kiss1
gene regulation.
In sheep, OVX stimulates
Kiss1
mRNA expression in the ARC, and estradiol
replacement prevents this effect [
14
,
27
], similar to that seen in rodents. In sheep,
progesterone replacement has also been shown to inhibit
Kiss1
expression in the
ARC, albeit to a lesser extent than estradiol [
27
]. Given the pronounced role for
progesterone in negative feedback in this species, this result is somewhat surprising
and may indicate a lesser role for progesterone in
Kiss1
regulation (few studies have
β
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