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Fig. 11.8 Kisspeptin and Kiss1 expression are increased in the ARC of female and male hpg mice.
( a ) Kisspeptin staining pattern in the ARC of both female and male WT mice ( left of dashed line )
is dominated by densely stained fi bers that obscure kisspeptin-positive cell bodies ( white arrow-
heads ). In hpg mice ( right of dashed line ), kisspeptin immunoreactivity shows reduced fi ber stain-
ing and increased clusters of large, darkly stained cell bodies ( black arrowheads ). ( b ) Representative
dark-fi eld images of silver grain Kiss1 mRNA signal as measured by ISH in the ARC of pubertal-
aged WT and hpg females (30 days) and males (45 days). Scale bar = 200 mm. Figure modifi ed
from Gill JC, Wang O, Kakar S, Martinelli E, Carroll RS, Kaiser UB 2010 Reproductive hormone-
dependent and -independent contributions to developmental changes in kisspeptin in GnRH-
defi cient hypogonadal mice. PLoS One 5:e11911
be controlled primarily by gonadal sex steroid feedback, whereas PND 16-18 males
have an additional mechanism of regulation of their ARC Kiss1 neurons by unknown
non-gonadal factors. Whether this divergence between the sexes is due to a unique,
male-specifi c mechanism not present in similarly aged females or to sex differences
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