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Fig. 11.7
Kiss1
gene expression in the murine ARC on PND 1. (
a
) Representative photomicro-
graphs for
Kiss1
expression in newborn females (F) and males (M) that were 0-4 h old. (
b
) The
mean number of
Kiss1
neurons in the ARC, as well as the relative level of
Kiss1
mRNA/cell, for
PND 1 male and female mice that were 0-4 h old. Newborn males had signifi cantly fewer ARC
Kiss1
cells and lower mRNA per cell than newborn females (
P
< 0.05).
3V
third ventricle;
GPC
grains per cell. Modifi ed from Poling MC, Kauffman AS 2012 Sexually dimorphic testosterone
secretion in prenatal and neonatal mice is independent of kisspeptin-kiss1r and GnRH signaling.
Endocrinology 153:782-793. With permission from The Endocrine Society
age of PND 4 [
64
]. Poling and Kauffman provided greater temporal resolution of
expression in PND 1 mice: they found notable
Kiss1
expression in both sexes at
both 0-4 h and 16-20 h after birth (Fig.
11.7
), without a signifi cant change in
Kiss1
levels between these time-points [
98
]. Parenthetically, NKB, which is co-expressed
in ARC
Kiss1
neurons in adulthood, was also readily expressed in the ARC of both
sexes on PND 1 [
98
]. One rat study noted an increase in
Kiss1
expression in the
ARC between PND 1 and 3 in both sexes [
47
], with an additional increase at PND
8 in females only. Another study noted similar but non-signifi cant trends in both
males and females [
64
].
The role of
Kiss1
in the ARC during early neonatal life is unknown. Because
kisspeptin signaling regulates the pubertal and adult reproductive axis, it is possible
that kisspeptin plays a similar role earlier in neonatal development. However, since
the reproductive axis is typically quiescent at this time, it is not clear what functional
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