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dynorphin) should help to unravel the mystery of pulsatile kisspeptin (and GnRH)
secretion. Identifying the afferent inputs to kisspeptin neurons is essential. We need
to learn more about the development and lineage of Kiss1 neurons. What are major
challenges we face ? A lack of understanding of the strengths and limitation of the
cellular, molecular, and transgenic tools we currently possess (or would like to
develop) stands as an impediment to dialogue, collaboration, and progress. What ' s
next ? Is there life after kisspeptin ? History would suggest that neuropeptides
enjoy a theater run of about 7 years. To everything there is a season . However,
important work remains—at least in the short term. What are the best opportunities
ahead ? Collaboration. In this era of economic constriction, groups need to pool
resources, combine technologies, and forge interdisciplinary approaches to address
the stickiest problems.
References
1. Berthod AA (1849) Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftleche Medicin, pp
42-46
2. Aschner B (1912) Zur Physiologie des Zwischenhirns. Wein Klin Wochenschr 27:1042-10043
3. Hohlweg W, Junkmann K (1932) Die hormonal-nervöse Regulierung des Hypophysenvorder-
lappens und der Keimdrüsen. Klin Wochenschr 11:321-323
4. Dey FL (1943) Evidence of hypothalamic control of hypophyseal gonadotropic functions in the
female guinea pig. Endocrinology 33:75-82
5. Pinilla L, Aguilar E, Dieguez C, Millar RP, Tena-Sempere M (2012) Kisspeptins and reproduc-
tion: physiological roles and regulatory mechanisms. Physiol Rev 92:1235-1316
6. Padilla SL, Reef D, Zeltser LM (2012) Defi ning POMC neurons using transgenic reagents:
impact of transient Pomc expression in diverse immature neuronal populations. Endocrinology
153:1219-1231
7. Morrison CD, Munzberg H (2012) Capricious Cre: the devil is in the details. Endocrinology
153:1005-1007
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