Engineered Nanomaterials as Emerging Contaminants in Water - Nanotechnologies for Water Environment Applications - page 564

Vesicles

Cellular Debris
50 - 150 nm

Fibers
< 10 nm

Fiber Bundles

Figure 16.3 Transmission electronic micrograph of stained biogenic NMs isolated by
rotoevaporation and dialysis from a reservoir in Arizona.

Raw Materials & Fuel

Manufacturering of
Nanomaterials

Raw Materials & Water/Air

Incorporation of
Engineered NMs into
Commercial Products

Incidental NMs form Natural NMs form

Society
(and human exposure)

NMs in Air NMs in Water NMs in Soil

Ecosystem Interactions & Responses to Nanomaterials

Figure 16.4 Sources for NMs into the environment.