Fate and Transport of Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environments - Nanotechnologies for Water Environment Applications - page 495

Table 15.5 NPs attachment efficiency and mobility in porous media a .

X(m)
14 b
10 b

Size (nm)
1.2, M
0.7-1.1 x 80-120,

EM
ND
-3.98

a±2SD
0.0001 ±0.0001
0.001 ±0.0004

C/C 0 ±2SD
0.99 ±0.01
0.94 ±0.01

2.4 b
0.6 b
0.2 b
O.l b
0.31-1.32 6

57, M
74, P
135, M
168, M
100
95
95
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
120 ±3.6
92 ±18
92 ±18
198, P
303, P
122 ±29
122 ±29

-1.95
-2.45
-2.58
-1.99

0.97 ±0.01
0.85 ±0.02
0.68 ±0.01
0.56 ±0.06
0.33-0.77

0.008 ±0.003
0.039 ±0.001
0.169 ±0.004
0.298 ±0.013
0.005-0.01
0.066-0.077 f
0.122-0.153 g
0.15 ±0.01
0.142 ±0.006
0.142 ±0.008
0.140
0.07 ±0.02
0.128 ±0.014
0.134 ±0.008
0.13
0.03 ±0.02
0.03 ±0.02
0.336 ±0.005
0.895 ±0.023
0.069 d
0.00096 d

0.857 1
0.738 j
0.638 k
0.9 1
0.335" 1
0.0°
0.001°
0.001 P
0.96 q
0.94 r
0.56 ±0.01
0.30 ±0.03
_
-

-
-0.27
-0.43
±299
-2.29

-
O.l b
O.l b
0.2
14.4

a EM = electrophoretic mobility (10" 8 m 2 /sv); X = Distance to reduce C/C 0 to 0.1% (m); M.
monodisperse suspensions; P, polydisperse suspensions; ND, not detectable; d n , average
hydrodynamic diameter; SWNT, single-wall carbon nanotubes. b conditions assumed for

calculations: T = 15 °C, H = 10" 2 0 J, Darcy velocity = 0.003 cm/s, porosity - 0.30, mean sand
grain diameter = 350 um. ° B-hematite - hematite treated with zero humic-acid; T-hematite =
hematite treated with 1.0 mg-TOC/L of humic acid. d a = -2*d c *ln(C/C 0 )/(3(l-6)*Ti*U*L T ),

calculated using the following conditions: d c (mean sand grain diameter) = (0.02*0.063) 1/ 2 =
0.035 cm; C/Co — 0.001; 0 (porosity) — 0.5; r\ (overall collector efficiency based on Yao's
model) = TID + TII + Ti s = 0.003 + 1.82 x 10" 7 + 0.0000702 = 0.003; U (Darcy velocity) = 0.5*153
cm/h; L T = 20 and 1440 cm for bare and treated hematite, respectively; T = 15 °C; and density
of hematite = 5.3. e flow rate = 1-30 ml/h, superficial velocity U = 0.152^.56 m/d; and soil
column packed with Lula soil with 0.27% organic carbon. f filter media = 40-50 mesh glass

beads; 6 filter media = 40-50 mesh Ottawa sand; and h References: [1] = Lecoanet et al. (2004),
[2] = Cheng et al. ( 2005), [3] = Wang et al. (2008a), [4] = Li et al. (2008), [5] = Espinasse et al.
(2007), and [6] = Kretzschmar and Sicher (1997). Test conditions of Li et al. (2008) are as
follows: for ' d c (mean sand grain diameter, mm) = 0.710, v p (pore water velocity, m/d) = 8.34,
and Snax (particle maximum retention capacity, |ig/g of sand) = 0.44 ± 0.06; for ' d c = 0.710, v p -

1.10, and S,^ = 0.83 ± 0.04; for k d c = 0.335, v p = 7.88, and S,^ = 1.33 ± 0.18; for ' d c = 0.335,
v p = 1.03, and S m = 3.27; for m d c = 0.165, v p = 8.06, and S m = 2.78 ± 0.14; for n d c = 0.165, v p
= 1.04, and S,^ = 6.41 ± 0.43; for ° d c = 0.125, v p = 8.01, and S,^ = 11.45 ± 0.14; for p d c =

0.125, v p = 1.03, and S m l = 13.99. q & ' Feed velocity (m/d) = 103.68 for q and 34.56 for '
(Espinasse et al., 2007).