Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Cooling capacity shared by TES
¼
Cooling capacity of TES at the completion of part load
ð
Total cooling load
ð
Chiller cooling capacity during direct cooling
ÞÞ
ð
10
Þ
Therefore, the cooling capacity shared by TES during on-peak conditions =
(1,225 - (337 - 276)) = 1,164 kW. Hence, by following the aforementioned
steps, the cooling energy shared by the TES system at the end of on-peak condition
is nil (0 kW), which signifies that the packed bed LTES system has been
discharged completely and is ready for the next cycle of charging process.
In the case of underfloor heating systems, the maximum energy output deliv-
ered by the system under cooling and heating modes is estimated to be 40 and
100 W/m
2
, respectively, irrespective of the thermal load demand in the occupied
spaces. By modulating the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flowing in the pipe
elements being embedded under the floor surface, the required cooling or heating
capacity can be accomplished.
The variation of the floor surface by this scheme can also be done through
adjusting the differential temperature between the floor surface and the flowing
heat transfer fluid in the range of 5-10 K with respect to the space temperature. If
the temperature of the room exceeds by 12 or 13 C, the issue of condensation may
arise. At the same time, while the floor surface temperature exceeds by 28 or
30 C, it can cause thermal discomfort to occupants.
For the building fabric systems, an increase in the surface area of the slab com-
ponents, the flow control of heat transfer fluid inside the embedded coil elements as
well as the utilization of fan-assisted modules can increase the overall heat transfer
rate, charging and discharging characteristics of the thermal storage systems.
The heating storage capacity of solar thermal systems can be increased by
increasing the total number of solar thermal collectors as well as using concen-
trated solar collectors. The limited heat source available during off-sunshine hours
can be matched to the greater extent through the integration of the LTES system
with the solar collectors.
The source TES system can be sized based on the total cooling/heating demand,
availability of the energy source, site location, climatic conditions, thermal con-
ductivity of earth materials, heat pump system integration with the ground source
energy loop, cost of erection and installation of large structures beneath the ground
level.
9 Nanotechnology-Based Thermal Energy Storage
In the context of using LTES systems for redistributing and conserving energy in
buildings, the amalgamation of the scientific research performed on the advanced
materials with the vision of improving the thermal properties of the PCM is
