Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Phase I
Project Setup
and pre-
retrofit Survey
Define scope of
the work;
Set project
targets;
Determine
available
resources;
Pre-retrofit
survey.
Phase II
Energy
Auditing and
Perfornance
Assessment
Energy auditing;
Select
performance
indicators;
Building
performance
assessment &
diagnostics.
Phase III
Identification
of Retrofit
actions
Energy saving
and other
objective
functions
estimation;
Economic
analysis;
Risk assessment;
Prioritize retrofit
actions.
Phase IV
Site
Implementation
&Commissioning
Site
implementation;
Test and
commisioning.
Phase V
Validation
and
Verification
Post
measurment and
verification
(M&V);
Post occupancy
survey.
Fig. 1
Key phases in a sustainable building retrofit program (Ma et al.
2012
)
low-cost energy conservation measures (ECMs). Performance assessment is
employed to benchmark building energy use by means of selected key perfor-
mance indicators or green building rating systems. Diagnostics can be used to
identify inefficient equipment, improper control schemes, and any malfunctions in
the building operation.
The third phase is the identification of retrofit actions. By using appropriate
energy models, economic analysis tools, and risk assessment methods, the per-
formance of a range of retrofit alternatives can be assessed quantitatively. The
retrofit alternatives can then be prioritized based on the relevant energy-related and
non-energy-related objectives such as the increase in retrofitted building market
value.
The fourth phase is site implementation and commissioning. The selected ret-
rofit measures will be implemented on-site. Test and commissioning are then
employed to tune the retrofit measures to ensure that the building and its services
systems operate in an optimal manner. It is worth noting that the implementation
of some retrofit measures may necessitate significant interruption to the building
and occupants operations.
The final phase is validation and verification of energy savings. Once the retrofit
measures are implemented and well tuned, standard measurement and verification
methods can be used to verify energy savings. A post-occupancy survey is also
