Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
systems with more efficient ones and the overall slow refurbishment rate of
existing buildings of currently about 1 % annually are the main bottlenecks within
the energy efficiency progress of the existing built environment in Germany and
Europe in general (Boermans et al.
2012
).
For the purpose of reducing the energy consumption and protecting the climate,
the Federal Government developed the Energy Concept for an environmentally
friendly, secure and affordable energy supply in 2010 (BMWi
2010b
).
The energy-related refurbishment of buildings plays an important role in the
Energy Concept. It states that:
[…]the energy related renovation of the building stock is the main issue for the mod-
ernization of the energy supply and for achieving the climate protection targets (Author's
translation).
The main targets of the German government for the building sector are (BMWi
2010b
;BMWI
2011a
):
• 20 % reduction in the useful space heating demand of the building stock by
2020 and 80 % of the primary energy demand by 2050 compared to 2008
(Schimschar et al.
2013a
), with the aim of achieving an almost climate-neutral
building stock by 2050;
• Overall savings for the buildings and installation area that amount to 775 PJ in
the period 1995-2016;
• Expected savings in the construction sector for the 2008-2016 commitment
period amount to 610 PJ;
• These objectives should mainly be achieved by doubling the energy-related
refurbishment rate from currently about 1 % to annually 2 % of the entire
building stock. To achieve this increase, a refurbishment road map (according to
the Energy Efficiency Directive) begins in 2013.
As the actual instruments are not sufficient to achieve the targets, among other
things, the Energy Concept stipulates a further development of the 'Energy Saving
Ordinance' (EnEV) and the 'Act on the Promotion of Renewable Energies in the
Heat Sector' (EEWärmeG). 'These instruments must be updated to achieve ren-
ovation targets, to the extent that this is economically feasible' (BMWi
2010b
).
Accordingly, it will explicitly be examined whether the EEWärmeG can be for-
mulated to be more technology-open for all kinds of renewable energy systems and
whether it can be expanded to the existing building stock. With the EnEV 2013/14,
it is planned to introduce the level of 'carbon-neutral buildings' for new buildings
as from 2020 onwards as the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD)
(European Parliament and the Council of the European Union
2010
) requires that
after 31 December 2020, all newly constructed buildings are 'nearly zero-energy
buildings'. Federal buildings should act as a role model in the reduction in energy
consumption.
In order to assure further development of the renewable energies in the building
stock, it was planned to provide additional financial means for the 'Market
Incentive Programme for Renewable Energies' (MAP). In addition, an 'Energy
