Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2
Block diagram representing the proposed approach steps
The residuals e are estimates of experimental error obtained by subtracting the
observed data from the predicted responses, and T represents the observation
period.
The predicted response is calculated from the ECM, after the entire unknown
model parameters have been estimated from the observed data. Examining the
residuals is a key part of stochastic modelling. This tells us whether our
assumptions are reasonable, and the choice of model is appropriated. The meth-
odology is composed of a set of steps, which are depicted in Fig.
2
.
2 Related Work
2.1 Building Simulation
A large number of studies have been conducted over the past decades to under-
stand how building occupants interact with building environmental systems and
how to simulate the building performance and environment. This is usually
referred to in the literature as building simulation or building performance simu-
lation and is a research area examining building life cycle in all their aspects.
The tools in the building energy field are the building energy simulation pro-
grams that provide users with performance indexes. In addition, most current
building simulation programs do not deal with activities performed by building
occupants
and
with
the
resulting
utilisation
of
space.
These
tools
rely
on
assumptions referring to human behaviour (Robinson
2006
).
A number of approaches have been proposed to simulate the energy con-
sumption of a building. In (Crawley et al.
2008
), a comparison of twenty major
building energy simulation programs is performed. These programs are as follows:
BLAST, BSim, DeST, DOE-2, ECOTECT, Energy-10, Energy Express, Ener-
Win, EnergyPlus, eQUEST, ESP-r, IDA ICE, IES \ VE [ , HAP, HEED, Pow-
erDomus, SUNREL, Tas, TRACE and TRNSYS. From these, EnergyPlus (Team
2010
) is considered to be the state of the art with regard to building energy
