Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5 Environmental indices for each case study
Case study
Retrofit actions
GER
Primary
energy
saving
E
PT
GWP
Avoided
GWP
Em
PT,
GWP
Brno
PV
926
8,859
2.1
42
608
1.4
Building insulation
454
11,724
1.4
26
666
1.5
Low-e windows
55
11,414
0.2
2
680
0.1
HVAC system
222
19,385
0.2
11
1,133
0.2
Total
1,657
51,382
0.7
82
3,087
0.6
Gol
Lighting
0.3
150
0.01
0.02
2
0.03
Insulation
165.5
8,612
0.7
10.15
490
0.73
Solar thermal plant
4.1
134
0.5
0.22
7.5
0.44
PV plant
2.1
31
1.5
0.1
0
6.1
Total
172
8,927
0.6
10.49
499.5
0.7
Plymouth
Wind Turbines
97
2,142
0.68
7
117
0.9
Prøvehallen
PV/Thermal plant
716
4,533
2.4
37
390
1.9
Building Insulation
1,716
2,262
26.5
117
129
31.9
Low-e windows
1,604
3,016
18.6
58
172
11.8
HVAC system
42
15,937
0.04
3
2007
0.03
Total
4,078
25,748
2.7
216
2697
1.3
Stuttgart
Solar thermal plants
323
27,680
0.2
18.5
1,574
0.2
PV
833
3,449
4.8
37.7
196
3.8
Building Insulation
452
26,255
0.6
32.7
1,493
0.8
Windows
110
6,681
0.6
0.1
380
0.01
Lighting
104
1,046
0.3
6.7
59
0.3
HVAC system
330
26,871
0.2
19.5
1,528
0.2
Total
2,151
91,983
0.4
115.1
5230
0.4
Vilnius
Insulation
2,236
37,120
0.5
85
2,110
1.4
Windows
2,122
34,597
0.5
133
1,967
2.4
Total
4,358
71,717
2.1
218
4,077
1.9
• Gol and Plymouth case studies, with smaller and more focused actions that
involve lower GWP and GER values.
• The other environmental indices, such as AP, EP, and POCP, follow a similar
trend to the GER and GWP.
Table
5
shows the results of E
PT
and Em
PT,GWP
indices calculated for each
action.
The highest payback time results are connected to the PV plants for each case
study, except for Provehallen, where the renovation of the building envelope
involves high values for E
PT
and Em
PT,GWP
. Such action provides the highest GER
and the highest GWP with the lowest energy saving and the lowest environmental
benefit (avoided GWP). With regard to the E
R
, all implemented actions are
characterised by relevant energy benefits. The energy saving overcomes the total
energy consumption a minimum of 6 times (Proevehallen case study) to a maxi-
mum of 52 times (Gol case study).
