Artificial Vision: Vision of a Newcomer - Artificial Sight: Basic Research, Biomedical Engineering, and Clinical Advances - page 42

Figure 2.6. Expression of mRNAof neurotrophic factors and their receptors after TES. The
expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at
different time points ranging from1 hour to 7 days after TESwithout optic nerve transection.
The expression of only IGF-1 increased up to day 7. C, control intact retina without optic
nerve transection; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic
factor; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor.
Figure 2.7. Immunohistrological analysis of IGF-1 in the retina after TES. Upper panels
show the localization of IGF-1 at different time points from day 1 to day 14 after TES.
In the control retina (no TES), there is very weak IGF-1 immunoreactivity in the inner
limiting membrane (ILM) and in the nerve fiber layer (NFL). After TES, the IGF-1 signal
increased and extended to inner plexiform layer diffusely. On day 4 and 7, the radial
structure from inner nuclear layer (INL) to ILM was also observed. After the maximum
on day 7, the signal decreased on day 14. Lower panels show the double staining of
IGF-1 and glutamine synthetase (GS), a marker of Müller cells. In the control retina,
weak IGF-1 signals in the ILM and NFL were seen on the endfeet of Müller cells. On day
7 after TES, strong immunoreactivity appeared in the endfeet and processes of Müller
cells. Scale; 100m (upper panels), 50m (lower panels).