Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Cluster volume was determined by immersing the cluster in a graduated cylinder
containing water at a fi xed mark. The rise in water level was recorded to obtain the
volume of cluster (cm
3
). The clusters were weighed on accurate balance and the aver-
age weight of clusters was calculated. Cluster density (gm/cm
3
) was determined by the
following formula:
D = W/ V
(10)
where: W= weight of cluster (gm) and V= volume of cluster (cm
3
). Cluster width and
length were determined with a measuring tape. Berry diameter (mm) was determined
by digital micrometer and the radius (r, mm) was calculated. Berry volume was calcu-
lated for a perfect sphere [Eq. (11)]. Crop load [14] was determined by Eq. (12).
Berry volume = 4/3
Л
r
3
(11)
Crop load = (Yield weight,
kg
/fed)/(Pruning weight,
kg
/fed)
(12)
20.2.5 ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCIES (11, 38)
The water utilization efficiency (
WU
T
E
in Kg/m
3
) was determined with “(Yield, kg/
fed) ÷ (applied water in m
3
/fed).” The applied water was measured with a flow meter.
The water use efficiency (
WU
s
E
in
kg
/m
3
) was determined with
“(Yield, kg/fed) ÷
(calculated ET
c
in cm
3
/fed).” The fertilizer use efficiency (
FUE
, Kg of fruit per
kg
fer-
tilizer) was estimated with “(Yield (kg/fed) ÷ (Fertilizer rate of N, P or K in kg/fed).”
20.2.6 ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY COSTS FOR
GRAPEVINES
Total production cost of grape yield included costs for irrigation, fertigation, weed
control, and pest control. In this chapter, the Table 6 presents capital costs for different
irrigation systems that were computed based on the market price for 2004.
TABLE 6
Capital cost for each irrigation method for grape crop.
Cost of irrigation system
Life
span
L-H
bubbler
Gated
pipes
Drip
Items
Year
LE per feddan
Electrical pump and control head
15
800
**
500
200
Main and sub main lines (PVC)
25
550
450
450
Main flood (PVC) 32 mm
15
—
350
—
Steel stand for low head
10
—
100
—
Laterals (PE) 16 mm with built in
drippers
5
400
—
—
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